Figure 5.

Pathways leading to nuclear factor-κB dependent endothelial cell activation. Ab, antibody; IC, immune complex; JNK, c-Jun amino-terminal kinase; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MyD88, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; PAI, plasminogen activator inhibitor; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TLR, Toll-like receptor; TM, thrombomodulin; TR, thrombin receptor. Reprinted from Iba et al.: The role of the endothelium in changes in procoagulant activity in sepsis. J Am Coll Surg 1998; 187(3):321–329. © 1998 by the American College of Surgeons, with permission from Elsevier [36].