Figure 3.

Pro-resorptive activity of human osteoarthritis subchondral bone osteoblasts. Resorption activity of osteoblasts co-incubated with differentiated peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor and in the absence or presence of chondroitin sulfate (CS) (200 μg/mL), glucosamine sulfate (GS) (200 μg/mL), or both (200 μg/mL each) in the absence or presence of vitamin D₃ at 50 nM. Data are in the absence or presence of vitamin D₃ from nine or five independent experiments, respectively. They are expressed as the mean resorbed surface per total surface upon treatment with the factors. Statistical significance was assessed by paired Student t test versus autologous control. Underlined p value indicates the statistical difference between control (C, basal conditions) and vitamin D₃-treated specimens.