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Features of major human dendritic cell subsets |
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| Dendritic cell subset |
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| Myeloid (also known as conventional) |
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| Feature |
Epithelial Langerhans cells |
Interstitial tissue dendritic cells |
Plasmacytoid |
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| Progenitors |
CD34+, giving rise to common myeloid progenitors, common lymphoid progenitors, monocytes |
CD34+, common myeloid progenitors, common lymphoid progenitors |
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| Progenitor homeostatic and expansion factors |
FLT3-L, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, stem cell factor, IL-4 |
FLT3-L, IL-3 |
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| Transforming growth factor beta, TNF |
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| Specific markers |
Langerin, E-cadherin, CD1a |
DC-SIGN, CD1c, BDCA3, S100 |
CD123, BDCA-2, BDCA-4 |
| Toll-like receptors |
All except TLR7, TLR8 |
TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR8 |
TLR7, TLR9 |
| Major cytokines produced |
IL-12 |
IFN-α |
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| Produce proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in response to a variety of signals |
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| Tissue location |
Epithelium and epithelial draining lymph nodes |
Nonepithelial tissues, lymph node, spleen, thymus |
Lymph node, spleen, inflamed tissues |
| Found in rheumatoid arthritis synovium |
Yes (CD1a+ dendritic cells) |
Yes |
Yes |
Lutzky et al. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2007 9:219 doi:10.1186/ar2200 |
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