|
Association between risk factors and having stiff or painful joints among older women (n = 3,970) |
||||
| Stiff or painful joints 'sometimes or often' at Time 2 |
Stiff or painful joints 'often' at Time 2 |
|||
|
|
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| Variable at Time 1 |
Unadjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) |
Adjusteda odds ratio (95% confidence interval) |
Unadjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) |
Adjusteda odds ratio (95% confidence interval) |
|
|
||||
| Education |
||||
| Less than high school |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Some high school |
0.89 (0.76–1.04) |
0.90 (0.76–1.05) |
0.86 (0.68–1.09) |
0.90 (0.71–1.16) |
| Completed high school |
0.92 (0.74–1.13) |
0.97 (0.78–1.20) |
1.06 (0.77–1.44) |
1.17 (0.85–1.62) |
| Trade certificate/university degree |
1.01 (0.83–1.23) |
1.06 (0.86–1.30) |
0.80 (0.59–1.10) |
0.93 (0.67–1.28) |
| Missing |
0.89 (0.64–1.24) |
0.91 (0.64–1.29) |
1.25 (0.79–1.97) |
1.37 (0.84–2.22) |
| Area of residence |
||||
| Urban |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Large town |
0.94 (0.76–1.16) |
0.91 (0.73–1.13) |
0.94 (0.67–1.31) |
0.88 (0.62–1.24) |
| Small town/remote area |
1.04 (0.91–1.19) |
1.02 (0.89–1.18) |
1.20 (0.98–1.48) |
1.15 (0.93–1.42) |
| Missing |
0.72 (0.42–1.22) |
0.75 (0.43–1.29) |
0.41 (0.13–1.32) |
0.41 (0.12–1.33) |
| Country of birth |
||||
| Australia |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Other English-speaking |
0.95 (0.78–1.15) |
0.93 (0.76–1.14) |
0.87 (0.64–1.18) |
0.90 (0.65–1.23) |
| Non-English speaking |
1.00 (0.78–1.29) |
0.92 (0.71–1.20) |
1.02 (0.70–1.49) |
0.90 (0.60–1.34) |
| Missing |
0.94 (0.72–1.23) |
0.94 (0.70–1.27) |
1.02 (0.68–1.52) |
0.91 (0.58–1.42) |
| Depression |
||||
| No |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Yes |
1.48 (1.04–2.09) |
1.29 (0.90–1.84) |
2.15 (1.41–3.29) |
1.75 (1.13–2.72) |
| Number of chronic diseases |
||||
| 0 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| 1 |
1.26 (1.08–1.48) |
1.23 (1.05–1.44) |
1.42 (1.09–1.85) |
1.37 (1.05–1.79) |
| 2 |
1.90 (1.59–2.28) |
1.83 (1.52–2.19) |
2.09 (1.57–2.77) |
1.93 (1.44–2.57) |
| 3 |
2.43 (1.89–3.14) |
2.33 (1.80–3.02) |
2.83 (1.99–4.03) |
2.53 (1.77–3.63) |
| 4 or more |
3.06 (2.12–4.43) |
2.93 (2.02–4.26) |
5.02 (3.28–7.69) |
4.24 (2.74–6.57) |
| Smoking status |
||||
| Never |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Former |
1.07 (0.93–1.24) |
1.08 (0.93–1.25) |
1.22 (0.99–1.52) |
1.27 (1.01–1.59) |
| Current |
1.05 (0.78–1.40) |
1.10 (0.81–1.49) |
1.17 (0.76–1.82) |
1.17 (0.75–1.84) |
| Missing |
1.01 (0.77–1.31) |
1.04 (0.78–1.37) |
1.06 (0.71–1.59) |
1.07 (0.70–1.64) |
| Body mass index |
||||
| <20 kg/m2 |
1.04 (0.72–1.48) |
0.97 (0.67–1.39) |
0.98 (0.54–1.77) |
0.86 (0.47–1.58) |
| ≥ 20 and <25 kg/m2 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| ≥ 25 and <30 kg/m2 |
1.46 (1.26–1.70) |
1.39 (1.19–1.63) |
1.46 (1.15–1.84) |
1.33 (1.04–1.68) |
| ≥ 30 kg/m2 |
1.42 (1.14–1.77) |
1.26 (1.00–1.58) |
1.68 (1.23–2.31) |
1.32 (0.95–1.84) |
| Missing |
1.13 (0.92–1.39) |
1.07 (0.87–1.32) |
1.52 (1.13–2.05) |
1.36 (1.00–1.85) |
| Physical activity |
||||
| None (<40 MET.min/week) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Very low (40 to <300 MET.min/week) |
0.98 (0.80–1.22) |
1.04 (0.84–1.29) |
0.87 (0.65–1.17) |
0.94 (0.70–1.27) |
| Low (300 to <600 MET.min/week) |
1.00 (0.83–1.20) |
1.11 (0.92–1.34) |
0.63 (0.48–0.82) |
0.72 (0.55–0.96) |
| Moderate (600 to <1,200 MET.min/week) |
0.80 (0.65–0.98) |
0.89 (0.72–1.10) |
0.48 (0.34–0.67) |
0.54 (0.39–0.76) |
| High (1,200+ MET.min/week) |
0.83 (0.69–0.99) |
0.94 (0.78–1.14) |
0.51 (0.38–0.68) |
0.61 (0.46–0.82) |
|
aAdjusted for all other variables in the table. | ||||
Heesch et al. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2007 9:R34 doi:10.1186/ar2154 |
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