Table 1

Effector molecules induced by IL-17 from human cells

Molecule produced

Cell source

Major functional effects

Reference

IL-1β

FLS, Mono/Mac, Chond/OC

Inflammation, fever, synergy with IL-17

[52,53,55,58]

IL-6

FLS, Mono/Mac, Chond/OC

Acute-phase reaction, B-cell stimulation, Th17 differentiation

[51-53,58]

IL-23

FLS

Inflammation, Th 17 cell stimulation

[56]

TNF-α

Mono/Mac

Inflammation, synergy with IL-17

[52,53]

CXCL1 (GRO-α)

FLS, Chond/OC

Leukocyte recruitment

[55,60]

CXCL5 (LIX)

Chond/OC

Leukocyte recruitment

[60]

CXCL8 (IL-8)

FLS

Leukocyte recruitment

[51-53,55]

CCL2 (MCP-1)

FLS, Chond/OC

Leukocyte recruitment

[55,60]

CCL20 (MIP-3α)

FLS

Leukocyte recruitment

[54]

G-CSF

FLS

Granulopoiesis

[51]

GM-CSF

FLS

Granulopoiesis

[51–53]

VEGF

FLS, Chond/OC

Angiogenesis

[57,59]

Cyclooxygenase-2

FLS, Mono/Mac, Chond/OC

Inflammation

[52,58]

Prostaglandin E₂

FLS, Mono/Mac, Chond/OC

Inflammation

[51–53]

RANK/RANK ligand

Chond/OC

Osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption

[53]

Nitric oxide

Chond/OC

Tissue destruction

[52,53,58]

Matrix metalloproteinases

Mono/Mac, Chond/OC

Cartilage and tissue destruction

[53,60]

Chond/OC, chondrocytes and osteoclasts; FLS, fibroblast-like synoviocytes; G-CSF, granulocyte colony stimulating factor; GM-CSF, granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor; GRO, growth-regulated oncogene; IL, interleukin; MCP, monocyte chemotactic protein; MIP-3α, macrophage inflammatory protein-3 alpha; Mono/Mac, monocytes and macrophages; RANK, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.

Lundy et al. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2007 9:202   doi:10.1186/ar2107