Table 2

Genes whose expression showed the greatest change following incubation of chondrocytes with elevated glucosamine alone

Genes whose mean RNA levels were reduced >80% relative to untreated control cultures

Anaphase-promoting complex subunit 8
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 3
Kinesin-like protein 1
Selenium binding protein 2
Bone morphogenetic protein 4
Cytoskeleton associated protein 2
Kinesin-related protein KRP1
Shc SH2-domain binding protein 1
Calmodulin
DVS27-related protein
Lactose operon repressora
Solute carrier family 4, member 4
Carbonic anhydrase 3
Dynein, cytoplasmic, intermediate chain 1
Microtubule-associated motor KIF4
Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3, neutral
Cell cycle protein division p55CDC
ER transmembrane protein Dri 42
NAD-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin deshydrogenase
Testin (TES1/TES2)
Cell division cycle 2 homolog A
Esk splice form 1
Neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally downregulated gene 4Aa
Thymidine kinase 1
Cell proliferation antigen Ki-67
Frizzled related protein (sfrp2 gene)a
Neuropilin
Topoisomerase (DNA)2 alpha
Cell-cycle-dependent 350K nuclear protein
G2/mitotic-specific cyclin B1a
NUF2R protein
Transforming acidic coiled-coil containing protein 3
c-fos-induced growth factor (vascular endothelial growth factor D)
Glycine amidinotransferase (l-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase)
Pituitary tumor-transforming 1
Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme
Chemokine (C–X–C motif) ligand 12a
Heat shock protein 90 beta
Polo-like kinase homolog
Vascular endothelial growth factor D precursor
Clathrin light chain A (Lca)
Hyaluronon mediated motility receptor (RHAMM)
Protein regulating cytokinesis 1

Cyclin B1
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3
Rac GTPase-activating protein 1a


Genes whose mean RNA levels were increased more than fivefold relative to untreated controls

Aldose reductase-like protein
High mobility group AT-hook 1
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 type a
Vesicle-associated membrane protein 1
ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G (WHITE), member 1
Matrix metalloproteinase 13
Smhs 1 protein
V-maf musculoapaneurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family protein B
CD28 antigen
Myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase A1
Sodium-coupled ascorbic acid transporter 2

FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 2
NADH-ubiquitone oxidoreductase MLRQ subunit
Solute carrier family 1, member 3


aMultiple probe sets.

Gouze et al. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:R173   doi:10.1186/ar2082