Table 2 |
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|
Anti-inflammatory medications |
||||
| Class |
Agent |
FDA pregnancy category |
Adverse effects in human pregnancy |
Summary risk assessment |
|
|
||||
| Corticosteroids |
Prednisone |
C |
Oral clefts increased risk (two- to three-fold). Intrauterine growth restriction (dose
related) |
Based on available data, teratogenic risk for corticosteroids is minimal |
| Cortisone |
D |
|||
| All others |
C |
|||
| NSAIDs |
Celecoxib |
C |
Ibuprofen associated with increased risk (two- to three-fold) for gastroschisis. NSAIDs
associated with increased risk for spontaneous abortion; possible increased risk for
cardiac defects; premature closure of the ductus arteriosus with third trimester use |
Significant risk for premature closure of the ductus arteriosus and other complications
when exposure occurs in late pregnancy; minimal or undetermined risk for structural
defects following first trimester exposure |
| Diclofenac |
C |
|||
| Ketorolac |
C |
|||
| Prixicam |
C |
|||
| All others |
B |
|||
| All NSAIDs in third trimester |
D |
|||
|
|
||||
|
NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. |
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|
Chambers et al. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2006 8:215 doi:10.1186/ar1977 |
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