Table 3

Multivariate analysis of the factors associated with dispensation of selective COX-2 inhibitors versus traditional nonselective NSAIDs


Crude OR (95% CI)
Adjusted OR (95% CI)

Age group (years)


     75+
3.17 (3.01–3.34)
4.22 (3.95–4.51)
     55 to ≤74
2.86 (2.74–2.99)
3.23 (3.06–3.40)
     18–54
Reference
Reference
Female sex
1.61 (1.52–1.66)
1.52 (1.45–1.58)
Income level (lower)
0.72 (0.68–0.76)
0.90 (0.85–0.96)
Prior diagnosis of gastropathy
1.93 (1.75–2.11)
1.21 (1.08–1.36)
Prior gastrointestinal procedures
1.94 (1.71–2.22)
1.09 (0.94–1.27)
Prior dispensation of gastroprotective agents
2.37 (2.25–2.50)
1.57 (1.47–1.67)
Prior referral to gastroenterologist
1.89 (1.69–2.12)
1.23 (1.08–1.39)
Prior history of NSAID use


     Recent, first time
2.39 (2.14–2.66)
2.17 (1.93–2.43)
     Recent, chronic
1.58 (1.46–1.70)
1.21 (1.11–1.32)
     >1 to 3 months
1.12 (1.06–1.19)
0.95 (0.89–1.01)
     >3 to 12 months
0.93 (0.88–0.98)
0.84 (0.80–0.89)
     No use in past year
Reference
Reference
Corticosteroids
1.72 (1.62–1.82)
1.16 (1.07–1.24)
Anticoagulants
2.53 (2.15–2.98)
1.56 (1.32–1.85)
Antidepressants
1.69 (1.59–1.80)
1.37 (1.28–1.46)
Benzodiazepines
1.87 (1.78–1.95)
1.20 (1.14–1.26)
Acetaminophen
1.85 (1.76–1.94)
1.41 (1.34–1.49)
Low dose ASA
0.85 (0.81–0.89)
0.56 (0.52–0.59)
Chronic Disease Score


     10+
2.88 (2.65–3.14)
1.26 (1.13–1.41)
     5–9
2.21 (2.10–2.32)
1.28 (1.20–1.37)
     1–4
1.88 (1.80–1.97)
1.26 (1.19–1.33)
     0
Reference
Reference
Specialist (versus GP)
0.99 (0.94–1.04)
0.89 (0.84–0.94)
Dosage


     High dose
1.91 (1.80–2.03)
2.19 (2.06–2.33)
     Low dose
0.40 (0.38–0.42)
0.29 (0.27–0.30)
     Standard dose
Reference
Reference
Time period


     January–June
0.72 (0.68–0.76)
0.54 (0.51–0.57)
     July–Sept
1.02 (0.95–1.09)
0.99 (0.92–1.06)
     October–December
Reference
Reference

All covariables included simultaneously in the models are listed in this table; models were not adjusted for any other factors. ASA, acetylsalicylic acid; CI, confidence interval; COX, cyclo-oxygenase; GP, general practitioner; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; OR, odds ratio.

Moride et al. Arthritis Res Ther 2005 7:R333   doi:10.1186/ar1488