Table 1 |
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Selected mast cell mediators and their potential roles in arthritis |
|
| Mediator |
Some relevant functions |
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| Granules |
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| Histamine |
Vascular permeability, leukocyte recruitment, fibroblast/chondrocyte activation |
| Heparin |
Angiogenesis, osteoclast differentiation and activation |
| Neutral proteases |
Matrix degradation, leukocyte recruitment, fibroblast activation |
| TNF |
Leukocyte recruitment, fibroblast/chondrocyte activation |
| Eicosanoid mediators |
|
| PGD2 |
Vascular permeability, neutrophil recruitment |
| LTB4 |
Vascular permeability, leukocyte recruitment and activation |
| Cysteinyl leukotrienes |
Vascular permeability, immunomodulatory (LTC4) |
| Cytokines/chemokines |
|
| IL-1 |
Leukocyte recruitment, fibroblast/chondrocyte activation, angiogenesis |
| IL-2 |
Lymphocyte stimulation |
| IL-3 |
Leukocyte growth factor |
| IL-4 |
Immunomodulatory, profibrotic |
| IL-6 |
Activation of leukocytes and fibroblasts |
| IL-8 |
Neutrophil recruitment |
| IL-10 |
Immunomodulatory |
| IL-13 |
Immunomodulatory, B cell stimulation |
| IL-18 |
Angiogenesis, lymphocyte stimulation |
| TNF |
Leukocyte recruitment, fibroblast/chondrocyte activation, angiogenesis |
| IFN-γ |
Activation of synovial macrophages |
| TGF-β |
Immunomodulatory, fibroblast mitogen, angiogenesis |
| PDGF |
Fibroblast mitogen |
| VEGF |
Fibroblast mitogen, angiogenesis |
| bFGF |
Fibroblast mitogen |
| NGF |
Fibroblast mitogen |
| MCP-1 |
Leukocyte recruitment |
| MIP-1α, MIP-1β |
Leukocyte recruitment, osteoclast differentiation |
| RANTES |
Leukocyte recruitment |
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bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; LTB4, leukotriene B4; LTC4, leukotriene C4; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; MIP, macrophage inflammatory protein; NGF, nerve growth factor; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; PGD2, prostaglandin D2; RANTES, regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor. See text for references. |
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Nigrovic and Lee Arthritis Res Ther 2005 7:1 doi:10.1186/ar1446 |
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