This article is part of the supplement: Global Arthritis Research Network (GARN): 4th World Congress on Arthritis in Montreal
Cytokine networks in human severe combined immunodeficiency: a model for regulating T-cell homeostasis
1 Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
2 Molecular Staging, Inc., New Haven, Connecticut, USA
3 SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA
4 Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
Arthritis Res Ther 2004, 6(Suppl 3):69 doi:10.1186/ar1425
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| Published: | 13 September 2004 |
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Objective
Human T-lymphocyte homeostasis is a complex process wherein the number of T lymphocytes is held relatively constant in normal individuals. How the body senses the numbers of circulating T-cells and regulates their expansion and survival is unclear. We sought to better understand this process by profiling serum cytokines in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) before and after T-cell reconstitution with bone marrow transplantation.
Methods
We used a novel protein microarray technology to simultaneously measure the levels of 78 different soluble proteins in the serum of 10 normal subjects and 31 SCID subjects before and at various times after transplantation. We used a linear mixed analysis of variance model and novel SAS graphics tools to identify factors that were altered in SCID and changed in response to T-cell engraftment.
Results
We identified that IL-15 > MCP-1 > HCC4 > IL-7 were over-expressed in SCID patients before transplantation at times when there were few circulating T cells (P < 0.001 compared with controls). Both IL-7 and IL-15 normalized after successful transplantation with normal levels of circulating T cells, but not after failed transplants. HCC4 and MCP-1 levels remained high despite transplantation. Levels of nine growth factors were decreased and levels of six proinflammatory cytokines were increased after successful transplantation for SCID.
Conclusion
Our studies in a human model of aberrant T-lymphocyte homeostasis wherein IL-15 and, to a lesser extent, IL-7 levels inversely correlate with circulating T-lymphocyte levels provide evidence that IL-15 and IL-7 may regulate human T-lymphocyte homeostasis. In addition, the downmodulation of numerous growth factors and upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines after successful T-cell reconstitution identify factors other than IL-15 and IL-7 that may be involved in the sensing and regulation of T-lymphocyte homeostasis in man.