Table 1

Genes expressed by, or on^a, endothelial cells in the rheumatoid synovium

Gene

Distribution pattern^b

References

Adhesion molecules

E-selectin

E, RA > C, P

[141]

P-selectin

E, RA = C, P

[27]

Counterligands for L-selectin (MECA-79 epitope)

E, P

[25]

HECA 452 epitope

EO, RA > C, P

[142]

ICAM-1

EO, RA > C, P

[33,141]

ICAM-2

EO, RA = C, P

[28]

VCAM-1

EO, M, P

[29,30]

Fibronectin

EO, RA > C, M, P

[31,32]

CD31 (PECAM-1)

EO, RA = C, P

[27]

CD146

E, RA = C, P

[34]

Vascular adhesion protein-1

E, P

[35]

CD44

EO, P

[27]

VLA1–VLA6 integrins (α1–6β1)

EO, P

[23]

αVβ3 integrin

EO, RA > C, P

[27,69]

Chemokines

IL-8 (CXCL8)

EO, RA > C, M, P

[50]

MCP-1 (CCL2)

EO, RA > C, M, P

[46,50]

SLC (CCL21)

EO, M, P

[52,57]

ENA-78 (CXCL5)

EO, RA > C, P

[48]

SDF-1 (CXCL12)

EO, M, P

[49,58,60]

MIP-1α (CCL3)

EO, RA > C, P

[47]

ELC (CCL19)

EO, P

[52]

Chemokine receptors/binding molecules

CXCR3

EO, P

[59]

CXCR4

EO, P

[58,60]

Duffy antigen

E, M, P

[56]

Heparan sulphate proteoglycan

EO, P

[55]

Angiogenesis regulators and their receptors

FGF-1 and FGF-2

EO, M, P

[74,75]

Platelet-derived growth factor receptor

EO, M, P

[77]

Hepatocyte growth factor activator and receptor

EO, RA = C, M, P

[78]

Vascular endothelial growth factor

EO, P

[79,80]

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR1–VEGFR3)

E, RA > C, M, P

[81,82]

Transforming growth factor beta 1

EO, RA > C, P

[83]

Endoglin (transforming growth factor beta receptor)

EO, RA = C, P

[83]

Angiopoietin-1

EO, RA > C, P

[87]

Tie-1 receptor

EO, RA > C, P

[88,89]

Angiogenin

EO, P

[75]

Thrombospondin

EO, RA = C, P

[69,90]

Pleiotrophin

EO, P, M

[143]

Angiotensin converting enzyme

EO, P

[91]

Ets 1 transcription factor

EO, RA > C, M, P

[92]

Axl tyrosine kinase

EO, P

[93]

Proinflammatory cytokines, other mediators and their receptors

IL-1

EO, P

[97]

Type 1 IL-1 receptor

EO, P

[97]

IL-1 receptor antagonist

EO, P

[97]

Tumour necrosis factor alpha

EO, RA > C, P

[100]

Tumour necrosis factor receptors

EO, P

[99,103]

IL-15

EO, P

[110]

IL-17 receptor

E, RA > C, P

[112]

Substance P receptor

E, P

[67]

Parathyroid hormone-related protein

E, M, P

[144]

Kinin B2 receptor

EO, RA = C, P

[116]

Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 1

EO, RA > C, M, P

[113]

Urocortin

EO, P

[114]

Endothelin-1

E, P

[145]

Stem cell factor

EO, RA = C, P

[118]

Somatostatin receptor (sst2a)

EO, P

[119]

Midkine

EO, RA > C, P

[117]

Osteoprotegerin

EO, P

[146]

Proteases

MMP-1 (collagenase)

EO, RA > C, M

[120]

MMP-3 (stromelysin)

EO, M

[122]

MMP-9 (gelatinase B)

EO, RA > C, P

[123]

MMP-13 (collagenase 3)

EO, RA > C, P

[124]

Membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase

EO, RA > C, M

[125]

Cathepsin B and cathepsin L

EO, RA > C, M

[120]

Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor

EO, RA > C, P

[127]

Tissue-type plasminogen activator

E, RA = C, P

[128]

TIMP-1 and TIMP-2

EO, RA > C, P

[130]

Other genes

MHC class II

EO, P

[147]

c-fos

EO, RA > C, P

[138]

Ras

EO, P

[126]

Pentraxin (PTX3)

EO, P

[139]

Thy-1 glycoprotein

E, P

[148]

Prostaglandin E

EO, RA > C, P

[133]

Cyclooxygenase-2

EO, RA > C, P

[132]

Phospholipase A2 activating protein

EO, P

[134]

Inducible nitric oxide synthase

EO, RA > C, M, P

[136]

Annexin IV and annexin VI

EO, P

[140]

^aIn the case of soluble mediators such as cytokines, the presence of a protein within a cell does not necessarily mean that it is produced there. It may be produced elsewhere and bound and internalised by the cell of interest. ^bE, endothelial selective distribution, a potential marker for these cells; EO, gene expressed by endothelial and other cells in the synovium; RA < C, gene expression lesser in RA synovium than in control synovium; RA > C, gene expression greater in RA synovium than in control synovium; RA = C, gene expressed equally in RA synovium and control synovium; P, protein studied; M, mRNA studied.

Middleton et al. Arthritis Res Ther 2004 6:60   doi:10.1186/ar1156