|
Sources of multipotential adult mesenchymal stem cells |
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| Source tissue |
Multilineage differentiation potential |
Representative references |
|
|
||
| Bone marrow |
Adipocyte |
[26,143] |
| Astrocyte, neuron |
[12,137] |
|
| Cardiomyocyte |
[14,15,131-133] |
|
| Chondrocyte |
[26,46,76,79] |
|
| Hepatocyte |
[6,7,144] |
|
| Mesangial cell |
[13] |
|
| Muscle |
[10,35] |
|
| Neuron |
[11,12] |
|
| Osteoblast |
[26,33,43,145-147] |
|
| Stromal cell |
[148] |
|
| Various embryonic tissue lineages |
[139] |
|
| Muscle |
Adipocyte, myotubes, osteocyte |
[138] |
| Endothelial cell, neuron |
[20,149] |
|
| Chondrocyte |
[112] |
|
| Osteocyte |
[20] |
|
| Trabecular bone |
Adipocyte, chondrocyte, osteoblast |
[27-29] |
| Dermis |
Adipocyte, chondrocyte, muscle, osteoblast |
[21] |
| Adipose tissue |
Chondrocyte, muscle, osteoblast |
[16] |
| Stromal cell |
[150] |
|
| Periosteum |
Chondrocyte, osteoblast |
[17,18] |
| Pericyte |
Chondrocyte |
[22] |
| Osteoblast |
[23,24] |
|
| Blood |
Adipocyte, fibroblast, osteoblast, osteoclast |
[25] |
| Synovial membrane |
Adipocyte, chondrocyte, muscle, osteoblast |
[18] |
Tuan et al. Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5:32 doi:10.1186/ar614 |
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