Table 1 |
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Characteristics and pulse wave analysis for rheumatoid arthritis patients in both cross-sectional and longitudinal cohorts |
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Rheumatoid arthritis patients |
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Primary cohort (n = 220) |
Validation cohort (n = 127) |
Longitudinal cohort (n = 31) |
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Age (years) |
61 ± 12 |
59 ± 13 |
53 ± 13 |
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Sex female |
176 (80) |
103 (81) |
21 (68) |
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Disease-related characteristics |
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Disease duration (years) |
17 ± 12 |
10 ± 10 |
13 ± 13 |
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Rheumatoid factor-positive (%) |
126 (79) |
n/a |
23 (74) |
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Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm/hour) |
12 (7 to 26) |
22 (12 to 38) (n = 112) |
10 (4 to 16) |
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C-reactive protein (mg/l) |
3 (3 to 12) |
5 (3 to12) |
18 (9 to 33) |
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DAS28 |
3.29 ± 1.26 |
n/a |
4.32 ± 0.87 |
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HAQ |
1.6 ± 0.9 |
n/a |
2.19 ± 0.42 |
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Classical CVD risk factors |
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Body mass index |
29 ± 6 |
33 ± 12 |
29 ± 6 |
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Current smokers |
33 (15) |
40 (31) |
7 (23) |
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Diabetes mellitus |
17 (8) |
10 (8) |
0 (0) |
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Dyslipidaemia |
60 (27) |
30 (24) |
7 (23) |
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SBP (mmHg) |
134 ± 18 |
134 ± 18 |
130 ± 14 |
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DBP (mmHg) |
79 ± 11 |
79 ± 10 |
81 ± 11 |
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Heart rate (beats/minute) |
74 ± 13 |
68 ± 11 |
73 ± 12 |
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Total cholesterol (mmol/l) |
5.0 ± 1.0 |
5.2 ± 0.9 (n = 114) |
5.0 ± 0.9 |
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HDL (mmol/l) |
1.5 ± 0.4 |
1.6 ± 0.7 (n = 102) |
1.5 ± 0.3 |
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Triglycerides (mmol/l) |
1.3 ± 0.6 |
1.2 ± 0.4 (n = 95) |
1.5 ± 0.6 |
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TC:HDL ratio |
3.5 ± 1.1 |
3.5 ± 0.8 (n = 102) |
3.5 ± 0.8 |
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RA disease-specific medications |
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Methotrexate |
124 (65) |
76 (60) |
19 (61) |
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Sulfasalazine |
44 (24) |
0 |
5 (16) |
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Hydroxychloroquine |
50 (28) |
0 |
4 (13) |
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Leflunomide |
15 (9) |
16 (13) |
0 (0) |
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Prednisolone |
48 (26) |
85 (67) |
6 (19) |
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NSAID |
34 (20) |
3 (2) |
6 (19) |
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COX II inhibitors |
12 (7) |
0 (0) |
2 (7) |
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Analgesic |
74 (40) |
n/a |
8 (26) |
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Folic acid |
118 (63) |
63 (50) |
16 (52) |
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Anti-TNFα |
44 (20) |
51 (40) |
-- |
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CVD medications |
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Anti-hypertensive |
67 (36) |
68 (66) |
6 (19) |
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Anti-hypercholesterolemics |
57 (31) |
23 (18) |
4 (13) |
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Beta-blocker |
20 (11) |
28 (22) |
2 (7) |
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Calcium channel-blocker |
24 (14) |
19 (15) |
0 (0) |
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Pulse wave analysis |
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Ejection duration (m/second) |
312 ± 27 |
331 ± 26 |
320 ± 25 |
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Pulse pressure (mmHg)b |
46 ± 13a |
54 ± 14 |
- |
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Mean pressure (mmHg) |
99 ± 12 |
97 ± 11 |
99 ± 10 |
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Tension time index |
2,424 ± 402 |
2,485 ± 441 |
2,359 ± 368 |
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Diastolic time index |
3,493 ± 462 |
3,443 ± 472 |
3,523 ± 651 |
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SEVR (%) |
148 ± 27 |
142 ± 25 |
157 ± 33 |
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Augmentation index (%) |
33 ± 9 |
34 ± 10 |
32 ± 9 |
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Results expressed as number (percentage), median (25th to 75th percentile values) or mean ± standard deviation. COX, cyclooxygenase; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DAS28, Disease Activity Score in 28 joints; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HAQ, Health Assessment Questionnaire; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; n/a, not available; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SEVR, subendocardial viability ratio; TC, total cholesterol. aData only available for 147 patients. bData unavailable for longitudinal cohort. |
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Sandoo et al. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R258 doi:10.1186/ar4103 |
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