Table 1 |
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Effects of zidovudine on soleus muscle histology, serum parameters, mtDNA, mitochondrial function, and muscle fiber-type characteristics |
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|
Complete soleus muscle |
Control (n = 10) |
Zidovudine (n = 10) |
P value |
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|
|
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|
Soleus muscle fiber diameter (median μm) |
58.3 (IQR 54.2, 62.3) |
41.1 (IQR 37.5, 47.1) |
<0.001 |
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|
Serum creatine kinase (U/L) |
724 ± 480 |
548 ± 257 |
0.3 |
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|
Serum creatinine (mg/L) |
3.6 ± 0.34 |
3.1 ± 0.11 |
<0.001 |
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|
Serum glucose (mg/L) |
1,760 ± 100 |
1,680 ± 220 |
0.055 |
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|
Serum resting lactate (mM) |
4.5 ± 1.8 |
5.0 ± 1.6 |
0.9 |
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|
Serum alanine aminotransferase (U/L) |
66 ± 8 |
56 ± 7 |
0.1 |
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|
Serum aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) |
125 ± 35 |
101 ± 13 |
0.09 |
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|
mtDNA copy number (mean copies/myonucleus) |
559 ± 46 |
399 ± 78 |
<0.001 |
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|
NADH DH (μmoles min-1 g muscle protein-1 ) |
684 ± 254 |
474 ± 236 |
0.042 |
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|
COX (μmoles min-1 g muscle protein-1 ) |
28 ± 8 |
18 ± 9 |
0.026 |
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|
SDH (μmoles min-1 g muscle protein-1 ) |
36 ± 6 |
35 ± 10 |
0.7 |
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|
NADH DH/SDH-ratio (% of control mean) |
100 ± 28 |
72 ± 20 |
0.027 |
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|
COX/SDH-ratio (% of control mean) |
100 ± 27 |
67 ± 26 |
0.016 |
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|
|
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|
Single-fiber soleus muscle |
Control |
Zidovudine |
p-value |
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|
|
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|
Fiber type |
Fast |
Slow |
Fast |
Slow |
Fast |
Slow |
|
|
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|
Fiber-type proportion (% of all fibers) |
5.2 ± 3.0 |
94.8 ± 3.0 |
13.3 ± 5.1 |
86.7 ± 5.1 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
|
Fiber diameter (mean μm) |
54.8 ± 5.8 |
65.5 ± 10.6 |
37.3 ± 9.3 |
51.8 ± 6.2 |
<0.001 |
0.006 |
|
mtDNA copy number (mean copies/myonucleus) |
617 ± 91 |
683 ± 94 |
384 ± 91 |
206 ± 97 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
|
|
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|
Values represent group means (±SD); soleus muscle-fiber diameter values are given as median with interquartile range. |
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|
Venhoff et al. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R233 doi:10.1186/ar4076 |
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