Figure 4.

Comparison of the dual roles of TRAF6 in the TLR and IL-17R signaling pathways. Downstream signaling interactions and post translational modifications of proteins involved in the TLR/IL-17R signaling pathways. TRAF6 is a key signaling protein in inflammation. See 'IL-17 receptor and TLR4 signaling' section of text for details. Act1, nuclear factor-kappa-B activator 1; AP-1, activator protein 1; IKK, IkB kinase; IL-17, interleukin-17; IL-17R, interleukin-17 receptor; IRAK4, interleukin receptor associated kinase 4; IRF5, interferon regulatory factor 5; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinases; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; Mal, MyD88 associate ligand; MEKK, MAP kinase/ERK kinase kinase; MyD88, myeloid differentiation primary response gene; NEMO, nuclear factor-kappa-B essential modulator protein; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa-B; TAB, transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-binding protein; TAK1, transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase 1; TLR, Toll-like receptor; TRAF6, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6.