Figure 1.

Serum and urine ferritin levels are increased in patients with lupus. Ferritin levels in serum and urine of healthy (N = 3), SLE (N = 5) and LN (N = 5) patients were determined using a protein array (Raybiotech, Norcross, GA, USA). Serum ferritin levels were increased by 2.5-fold in SLE patients as compared to healthy controls, and the expression was 18.7-fold higher in the urine of LN patients compared to healthy controls. An unpaired Student's t-test with Welch's correction was applied to compare the means between groups. Data represent the mean ± standard error of mean (SEM). * represents P = 0.02.