Table 1 |
||||
|
Characteristics of Medicare diabetes patients with and without RA (N = 256,331) |
||||
|
Characteristic |
DM + RA (n = 5,572) |
DM no RA (n = 250,759) |
P-value |
|
|
|
||||
|
Sociodemographics, n (%) |
||||
|
Age |
65 to 74 years |
3,056 (54.9) |
136,288 (54.4) |
0.47 |
|
75 to 84 years |
2,124 (38.1) |
95,540 (38.1) |
1 |
|
|
85+ years |
392 (7.0) |
18,931 (7.6) |
0.16 |
|
|
Female |
4,164 (74.7) |
151,846 (60.6) |
<0.01 |
|
|
Race/ethnicity |
White |
4,318 (77.5) |
207,565 (82.8) |
<0.01 |
|
Black |
716 (12.9) |
26,495 (10.6) |
<0.01 |
|
|
Other |
538 (9.7) |
16,699 (6.7) |
<0.01 |
|
|
Medicaid |
1,480 (26.6) |
46,944 (18.7) |
<0.01 |
|
|
RUCA category |
Urban |
3,936 (71.8) |
164,742 (66.4) |
<0.01 |
|
Suburban |
407 (7.4) |
23,007 (9.3) |
<0.01 |
|
|
Large town |
554 (10.1) |
31,229 (12.6) |
<0.01 |
|
|
Small town |
586 (10.7) |
29,033 (11.7) |
<0.01 |
|
|
Baseline cardiovascular profile, n (%) |
||||
|
Myocardial infarction |
266 (4.8) |
11,146 (4.4) |
0.24 |
|
|
Ischemic heart disease |
3,237 (58.0) |
126,690 (50.5) |
<0.01 |
|
|
Congestive heart failure |
2,063 (37.0) |
73,057 (29.1) |
<0.01 |
|
|
Stroke/Transient ischemic attack |
793 (14.2) |
31,971 (12.8) |
<0.01 |
|
|
Hyperlipidemia |
4,151 (74.5) |
190,713 (76.1) |
<0.01 |
|
|
Baseline diabetes complication profile, n (%) |
||||
|
Peripheral vascular disease |
2,410 (43.3) |
82,440 (32.9) |
<0.01 |
|
|
Chronic kidney disease |
952 (17.1) |
35,984 (14.4) |
<0.01 |
|
|
Lower extremity ulcers |
703 (12.6) |
17,815 (7.1) |
<0.01 |
|
|
Amputation |
50 (0.9) |
1,587 (0.6) |
<0.05 |
|
|
Diabetic eye disease |
765 (13.7) |
40,417 (16.1) |
<0.01 |
|
|
Other comorbidity and baseline utilization measures |
||||
|
Orthopedic surgery, n (%) |
1,452 (26.1) |
32,121 (12.8) |
<0.01 |
|
|
Gait device, n (%) |
492 (8.8) |
12,768 (5.1) |
<0.01 |
|
|
HCC score, mean (SD) |
1.55 (1.04) |
0.82 (0.80) |
<0.01 |
|
|
Hospitalization 2004 to 2006, n (%) |
3,379 (60.6) |
125,168 (49.9) |
<0.01 |
|
|
Total unique providers, three-year mean (SD) |
8.8 (5.7) |
6.3 (4.0) |
<0.01 |
|
|
Total outpatient visits, annual mean (SD) |
14.7 (9.3) |
9.6 (6.7) |
<0.01 |
|
|
PCP visits, annual mean (SD) |
7.0 (5.9) |
5.3 (4.0) |
<0.01 |
|
|
Rheumatology visits, annual mean (SD) |
2.0 (3.1) |
0.1 (0.5) |
<0.01 |
|
|
Other specialty visits, annual mean (SD) |
5.6 (5.8) |
4.1 (4.7) |
<0.01 |
|
|
|
||||
|
DM, Diabetes mellitus; HCC, Hierarchical Condition Categories; PCP, Primary care provider; RA, Rheumatoid arthritis; RUCA, Rural Urban Commuting Area; SD, Standard deviation |
||||
|
Bartels et al. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R166 doi:10.1186/ar3915 |
||||
