Table 1 |
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|
Baseline characteristics of the rheumatoid arthritis patients included in the study* |
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|
Insulin resistance |
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|
All patients (n = 61) |
Low † (n = 31) |
High † (n = 30) |
P value # |
|
|
|
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|
Age (years) |
60 (57, 63) |
58 (54, 63) |
62 (58, 67) |
0.157 |
|
Gender (% female) |
70 |
74 |
63 |
0.360 |
|
Disease duration (years) |
7.2 (5.6, 9.3) |
6.9 (4.8, 10.1) |
7.5 (5.2, 10.9) |
0.727 |
|
DAS28 |
5.8 (5.5, 6.1) |
5.4 (5.1, 5.8) |
6.3 (5.8, 6.7) |
0.011 |
|
HAQ |
1.0 (0.8, 1.2) |
0.9 (0.6, 1.1) |
1.1 (0.9, 1.4) |
0.129 |
|
C-reactive protein (mg/dl) |
1.4 (0.8, 2.1) |
1.2 (0.2, 2.1) |
1.7 (0.7, 2.6) |
0.134 |
|
ESR (mm/hr) |
35 (29, 40) |
33 (24, 42) |
36 (28, 44) |
0.559 |
|
Insulin (μIU/ml) |
13.5 (10.4, 17.4) |
7.0 (5.1, 9.5) |
26.7 (21.0, 33.8) |
< 0.001 |
|
FBG (mg/dl) |
96 (89, 103) |
87 (80, 93) |
107 (95, 119) |
< 0.001 |
|
HOMA-IR § |
3.2 (2.4, 4.3) |
1.5 (1.1, 2.0) |
7.0 (5.2, 9.4) |
< 0.001 |
|
HOMA-B § |
159 (122, 207) |
123 (77, 195) |
210 (168, 263) |
0.013 |
|
QUICKI |
0.33 (0.31, 0.34) |
0.36 (0.34, 0.39) |
0.29 (0.28, 0.30) |
< 0.001 |
|
TC (mg/dl) |
221 (206, 235) |
226 (204, 247) |
216 (195, 236) |
0.471 |
|
HDL-C (mg/dl) |
54 (50, 57) |
56 (52, 61) |
51 (46, 57) |
0.095 |
|
LDL-C (mg/dl) |
137 (125, 150) |
144 (126, 162) |
131 (114, 148) |
0.278 |
|
TC/HDL-C |
4.3 (3.9, 4.6) |
4.1 (3.7, 4.5) |
4.4 (3.9, 4.9) |
0.399 |
|
LDL-C/HDL-C |
2.7 (2.4, 2.9) |
2.6 (2.3, 3.0) |
2.7 (2.3, 3.1) |
0.868 |
|
Triglycerides (mg/dl) |
151 (132, 171) |
129 (105, 152) |
175 (144, 206) |
0.015 |
|
Lpa (mg/dl) |
12.8 (9.5, 17.1) |
10.1 (6.6, 15.4) |
16.4 (10.9, 24.8) |
0.130 |
|
apoA (mg/dl) |
162 (155, 169) |
168 (158, 177) |
156 (146, 166) |
0.079 |
|
apoB (mg/dl) |
99 (92, 107) |
100 (88, 112) |
99 (89, 109) |
0.762 |
|
apoB/apoA |
0.63 (0.58, 0.69) |
0.61 (0.52, 0.70) |
0.66 (0.57, 0.74) |
0.364 |
|
Homocysteine (μmol/l) |
17.5 (15.7, 19.3) |
17.8 (15.1, 20.5) |
17.2 (14.6, 19.9) |
0.584 |
|
Body weight (kg) |
75 (71, 79) |
73 (68, 78) |
77 (7, 83) |
0.203 |
|
Body mass index (kg/m2) |
29.1 (27.5, 30.7) |
28.6 (26.2, 30.9) |
29.7 (27.4, 32.1) |
0.371 |
|
Waist circumference (cm) |
101 (97, 105) |
100 (94, 106) |
102 (97, 107) |
0.207 |
|
SBP (mmHg) |
127 (123, 131) |
125 (118, 132) |
130 (125, 134) |
0.024 |
|
DBP (mmHg) |
77 (75, 79) |
78 (74, 81) |
76 (73, 79) |
0.672 |
|
Metabolic syndrome (%) ** |
41 |
19 |
63 |
0.001 |
|
Statin use (%) |
19 |
13 |
24 |
0.333 |
|
Tobacco use (%) |
19 |
23 |
14 |
0.506 |
|
Coronary heart disease (%) |
14 |
10 |
17 |
0.472 |
|
Hypertension (%) |
61 |
58 |
63 |
0.795 |
|
Antihypertensive therapy (%) |
46 |
48 |
43 |
0.799 |
|
MTX (%) |
69 |
65 |
73 |
0.582 |
|
MTX dose (mg/week) |
14.8 (14.0, 15.7) |
15.9 (14.7, 17.1) |
13.9 (12.7, 15.0) |
0.033 |
|
GC (%) |
21 |
19 |
23 |
0.762 |
|
GC dose (mg/day) |
8.8 (5.6, 12.1) |
7.9 (5.3, 10.5) |
9.6 (3.0, 16.2) |
0.705 |
|
|
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|
* Except where indicated otherwise, values are the mean (95% confidence interval) † The median Homeostasis Model Assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) value at baseline was used to assign patients into low (HOMA-IR ≤ 3.18, n = 31) or high (HOMA-IR > 3.18, n = 30) insulin resistance group # P value for the comparison between low and high insulin resistance groups § Statistical comparisons were performed using log transformed values. Values represent the geometric mean ** According to the Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III criteria for the definition of the metabolic syndrome DAS28: disease activity score of 28 joints; HAQ: health assessment questionnaire; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; FBG: fasting blood glucose; QUICKI: Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Lpa: lipoprotein a; apo: apolipoprotein; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; MTX: methotrexate; GC: glucocorticoids. |
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|
Stagakis et al. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R141 doi:10.1186/ar3874 |
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