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Table 1
Energy/ATP-consuming functions of immune cells
Function	ATP-dependent process	References

Housekeeping function
Active transport of molecules and ions	Na⁺K⁺-ATPase Ca²⁺-ATPase	[1,79]
Macromolecule synthesis	Protein synthesis RNA/DNA synthesis	[79,80]
Specific immune functions
Motor functions
Cytoskeletal rearrangement	Actomyosin-ATPase	[1,81]
Transendothelial migration	Rho-GTPase	[82]
Antigen processing and presentation
Proteasomal protein degradation (for example, 26S)	AAA-ATPases	[83]
Antigen processing	ATP-binding cassette transporter associated with antigen processing	[84]
Endosomal acidification	Vacuolar-type H⁺-ATPase	[85]
Activation functions
Ion pumps to restore ion gradients	Na⁺K⁺-ATPase Ca²⁺-ATPase	[79]
Macromolecule synthesis	Protein synthesis RNA/DNA synthesis	[79,80]
Effector functions
Perforin-based cytoxicity	Vacuolar-type H+-ATPase	[86]
Macrophage bacterial activity	Copper-transporting ATPase	[87]
Macrophage membrane permeabilization and inhibition of regulatory T cells	Activation of purinergic receptor P2X7 by extracellular ATP_e	[88,89]

Data taken from [1].
Spies et al. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:216 doi:10.1186/ar3885

Table 1