Bias in effect size of systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility loci across Europe: a case-control study

¹ Laboratorio de Investigacion 10 and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria - Hospital Clinico Universitario de Santiago, Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain

² U.O. Complessa di Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo - Forlanini, Piazza Carlo Forlanini 1, Rome 00151, Italy

³ Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Martin Faculty Hospital and Jessenius Medical Faculty, Kollárova 2, Martin 036 59, Slovakia

⁴ Department of Histocompatibility and Immunology, Evangelismos Hospital, Ipsilantou Str. 45-47, Athens 10675, Greece

⁵ Department of Rheumatology, Hospital of Hungarian Railways, Lukács György utca 4, Szolnok 5000, Hungary

⁶ Pathophysiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Korai 5, Athens 115 27, Greece

⁷ Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Martini Hospital, Van Swietenplein 1, Groningen 9728, the Netherlands

⁸ Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Calle Catedrático Valentín Andrés Álvarez s/n, Oviedo 33006, Spain

⁹ Referral Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, Milan 20122, Italy

¹⁰ Rheumatology Unit, Second University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy

¹¹ Rheumatology Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av. Andalucía s/n, Madrid 28041, Spain

¹² Internal Medicine and Research Laboratory in Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona 08035, Spain

¹³ Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Clinical Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, Hannover 30625, Germany

¹⁴ Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Národní 1009/3, Prague 110 00, Czech Republic

¹⁵ Rheumatology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta and Rheumatology Reseach Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Av. Torrado da Silva s/n, Lisboa 2801-951, Portugal

¹⁶ Department of Medical Sciences and IRCAD, Eastern Piedmont University, Via dei Tornielli 12, Novara 28100, Italy

¹⁷ Laboratorio de Investigación Osteoarticular y del Envejecimiento, Servicio de Reumatología, INIBIC-CH Universitario, Jubias de Arriba 84A, A Coruña 15006, Spain

¹⁸ Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 81, Brussels 1200, Belgium

¹⁹ Department of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Calle Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain