Table 3 |
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|
Age-adjusted Cox regression analysis |
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|
OM n = 42 |
CVM n = 20 |
N-VM n = 18 |
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|
|
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|
P-value |
HR (95% CI) |
P-value |
HR (95% CI) |
P-value |
HR (95% CI) |
|
|
Age univariate |
< 0.0001 |
1.1 (1.0-1.1) |
< 0.0001 |
1.07 (1.04-1.1) |
0.02 |
1,04 (1.00-1.1) |
|
Age adjusted |
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|
Traditional risk factors |
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Smoking |
0.02 |
3.3 (1.3-8.6) |
||||
|
Hypertension |
0.02 |
2.2 (1.1-4.5) |
0.04 |
2.8 (1.0-7.9) |
||
|
Cholesterol, mmol/l |
||||||
|
Triglycerides, mmol/l† |
0.02 |
1.9 (1.1-3.3) |
0.04 |
2.5 (1.1-5.7) |
||
|
Established arterial disease |
< 0.0001 |
4.7 (2.4-9.1) |
0.0006 |
5.4 (2.1-13.6) |
0.0006 |
6.3 (2.3-16.9) |
|
Lupus manifestations |
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Nephritis |
0.03 |
3.0 (1.2-7.9) |
||||
|
Neurological disorder |
0.04 |
2.9 (1.1-7.3) |
||||
|
Epilepsy |
0.03 |
2.3 (1.1-4.5) |
0.01 |
3.7 (1.4-9.3) |
||
|
SLICC > 1 [25] |
<0.0001 |
6.3 (2.2-26.5) |
0.04 |
3.7 (1.0-23.5) |
0.002 |
9.6 (1.9-181.1) |
|
SLAM > 6 [24] |
0.02 |
2.1 (1.1-4.5) |
||||
|
Autoantibodies against |
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Double-stranded DNA |
0.05 |
1.9 (1.0-3.6) |
0.02 |
3.1 (1.2-8.3) |
||
|
Cardiolipin IgG low titer |
0.03 |
2.9 (1.1-8.1) |
||||
|
Cardiolipin IgG medium titer |
0.006 |
2.7 (1.4-5.3) |
0.04 |
3.2 (1.1-8.5) |
0.02 |
3.6 (1.3-9.6) |
|
beta2glykoprotein-1 |
0.04 |
2.9 (1.0-7.8) |
||||
|
Any aPL medium titer ¶ |
0.02 |
2.1 (1.1-3.9) |
0.03 |
2.8 (1.1-7.7) |
0.03 |
2.8 (1.1-7.6) |
|
Sjogrens syndrome A |
0.01 |
0.4 (0.2-0.8) |
||||
|
Sjogrens syndrome B |
0.04 |
0.4 (0.1-0.9) |
0.003 |
5 × 10-7 (0-0.4) |
||
|
Medications |
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Warfarin |
0.004 |
2.9 (1.4-5.7) |
0.01 |
4.1 (1.4-11.1) |
0.03 |
3.3 (1.1-8.3) |
|
Hyperlipidemia |
0.03 |
7.8 (1.2-27.9) |
||||
|
Inflammatory markers |
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
High sensitivity CRP, mg/l† |
0.01 |
1.3 (1.0-1.7) |
0.02 |
1.5 (1.1-2.1) |
||
|
Fibrinogen, g/l† |
0.0002 |
9.5 (3.0-31) |
0.02 |
10.2 (1.6-70) |
0.0005 |
19.9 (3.8-110) |
|
α-1 antitrypsin, g/l |
0.002 |
3.1 (1.5-5.8) |
0.001 |
5.1 (2.0-12.0) |
||
|
Serum amyloid A, mg/l† |
0.01 |
1.4 (1.1-1.8) |
0.03 |
1.5 (1.0-2.1) |
||
|
Endothelial markers |
||||||
|
Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule, ng/l† |
0.0005 |
4.0 (1.8-8.2) |
0.004 |
4.9 (1.7-13.5) |
||
|
Von Willebrand factor, %† |
0.009 |
1.9 (1.2-3.0) |
||||
|
Markers of renal damage |
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Cystatin C GFR |
< 0.0001 |
0.4 (0.2-0.5) |
0.001 |
0.3 (0.2-0.6) |
0.0002 |
0.3 (0.2-0.5) |
|
Cystatin C† |
< 0.0001 |
4.4 (2.4-7.9) |
0.0009 |
5.3 (2.0-13) |
0.0002 |
5.7 (2.4-12.8) |
|
Creatinine |
0.003 |
1.1 (1.0-1.1) |
0.02 |
4.1 (1.3-10.2) |
0.003 |
4.3 (1.7-9.2) |
|
Urea, mmol/l† |
0.01 |
2.1 (1.2-3.2) |
0.02 |
2.3 (1.1-4.0) |
||
|
Pathologic urine |
0.04 |
2.2 (1.0-4.4) |
0.04 |
3.5 (1.1-8.1) |
||
|
|
||||||
|
Only variables with P-values ≤ 0.05 in either group are presented. Calculations were done using age-adjusted Cox regression. †Calculations on log transformed values. Any aPL¶, any antiphospholipid antibody, positive antibody against cardiolipin IgG/IgM at medium titer, beta2glykoprotein-1 or a positive lupus anticoagulant test. Hypertension, systolic blood pressure > 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg and/or treatment for hypertension; hypercholesterolemia, total cholesterol level > 5.2 mmol/L; established arterial disease, history of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, ischemic cerebrovascular disease, ischemic peripheral arterial disease at baseline; SCORE, systematic coronary risk evaluation calculated on 124 patients 40 to 65 years old; SLICC, systemic lupus international collaborating clinics; pathologic urine, as defined by the systemic lupus activity measure (SLAM); OM, overall mortality; CVM, cardiovascular mortality; N-VM, non-vascular mortality. HR, hazard ratio |
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|
Gustafsson et al. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2012 14:R46 doi:10.1186/ar3759 |
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