Table 2 |
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|
Analyses of covariance (modified intention-to-treat analysis by last observation carried forward method) for mean scores on primary and secondary outcome measures by group at baseline, posttreatment and six-month follow-up |
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|
Outcome measures |
Mean CBT (± SD) |
Mean RPT (± SD) |
Mean TAU (± SD) |
F-value |
P-value |
ηp2 |
Pairwise comparisons |
Cohen's d CBT vs RPT |
Cohen's d CBT vs TAU |
Cohen's d RPT vs TAU |
|
|
||||||||||
|
PCS total score (0 to 52) |
||||||||||
|
Baseline |
34.13 (9.29) |
32.19 (7.05) |
31.23 (7.18) |
|||||||
|
Posttreatment |
24.79 (7.41) |
31.36 (7.10) |
31.47 (6.90) |
133.34 |
0.001 |
0.63 |
1 < 2, 3 |
0.91 |
0.93 |
0.02 |
|
Six-month follow-up |
25.50 (7.24) |
30.64 (6.75) |
32.74 (7.04) |
144.33 |
0.001 |
0.65 |
1 < 2 < 3 |
0.73 |
1.01 |
0.30 |
|
PCS-Rumination (0 to 16) |
||||||||||
|
Baseline |
11.87 (3.08) |
11.08 (2.57) |
10.92 (2.77) |
|||||||
|
Posttreatment |
8.82 (2.47) |
10.68 (2.53) |
11.09 (2.60) |
100.82 |
0.001 |
0.56 |
1 < 2, 3 |
0.74 |
0.90 |
0.16 |
|
Six-month follow-up |
9.02 (2.46) |
10.28 (2.50) |
11.34 (2.61) |
87.82 |
0.001 |
0.53 |
1 < 2 < 3 |
0.51 |
0.91 |
0.42 |
|
PCS-Magnification (0 to 12) |
||||||||||
|
Baseline |
6.38 (2.63) |
6.23 (2.40) |
5.92 (2.22) |
|||||||
|
Posttreatment |
5.18 (2.27) |
6.15 (2.48) |
6.19 (2.23) |
33.08 |
0.001 |
0.30 |
1 < 2, 3 |
0.41 |
0.45 |
0.02 |
|
Six-month follow-up |
5.59 (2.32) |
6.34 (2.42) |
6.62 (2.27) |
23.65 |
0.001 |
0.23 |
1 < 2 < 3 |
0.32 |
0.45 |
0.12 |
|
PCS-Helplessness (0 to 24) |
||||||||||
|
Baseline |
15.89 (5.07) |
14.89 (3.98) |
14.57 (4.13) |
|||||||
|
Posttreatment |
10.79 (4.04) |
14.55 (3.98) |
14.36 (3.99) |
74.29 |
0.001 |
0.49 |
1 < 2, 3 |
0.94 |
0.90 |
0.05 |
|
Six-month follow-up |
10.95 (4.01) |
14.02 (3.85) |
14.94 (4.27) |
68.04 |
0.001 |
0.46 |
1 < 2 < 3 |
0.78 |
0.96 |
0.23 |
|
CPAQ (0 to 120) |
||||||||||
|
Baseline |
49.00 (10.33) |
44.40 (8.90) |
44.45 (10.80) |
|||||||
|
Posttreatment |
51.30 (9.53) |
43.36 (9.00) |
43.15 (10.86) |
33.07 |
0.001 |
0.29 |
1 > 2, 3 |
0.86 |
0.80 |
0.02 |
|
Six-month follow-up |
50.46 (9.37) |
43.47 (8.85) |
42.53 (10.40) |
24.97 |
0.001 |
0.24 |
1 > 2, 3 |
0.77 |
0.80 |
0.10 |
|
HAM-D (0 to 50) |
||||||||||
|
Baseline |
14.47 (3.93) |
14.94 (4.03) |
14.09 (4.64) |
|||||||
|
Posttreatment |
7.78 (2.46) |
7.98 (1.80) |
8.17 (2.25) |
2.17 |
0.12 |
0.03 |
ns |
0.09 |
0.17 |
0.09 |
|
Six-month follow-up |
7.91 (2.50) |
8.19 (1.96) |
8.57 (2.47) |
4.05 |
0.02 |
0.05 |
1 < 3 |
0.12 |
0.27 |
0.17 |
|
HARS (0 to 56) |
||||||||||
|
Baseline |
10.84 (4.27) |
11.22 (3.75) |
9.50 (2.98) |
|||||||
|
Posttreatment |
7.09 (2.96) |
7.11 (2.39) |
7.40 (2.18) |
9.71 |
0.001 |
0.11 |
1, 2 < 3 |
0.01 |
0.12 |
0.13 |
|
Six-month follow-up |
7.25 (3.02) |
7.39 (2.57) |
7.58 (2.07) |
8.49 |
0.001 |
0.10 |
1, 2 < 3 |
0.05 |
0.13 |
0.08 |
|
PVAS (0 to 100) |
||||||||||
|
Baseline |
64.20 (10.78) |
68.13 (9.84) |
64.72 (10.44) |
|||||||
|
Posttreatment |
36.88 (8.29) |
37.14 (10.53) |
38.68 (7.48) |
2.25 |
0.109 |
0.03 |
ns |
0.03 |
0.23 |
0.17 |
|
Six-month follow-up |
40.68 (10.93) |
40.54 (9.61) |
44.34 (8.56) |
7.48 |
0.001 |
0.09 |
2 < 3 |
0.01 |
0.37 |
0.42 |
|
FIQ (0 to 100) |
||||||||||
|
Baseline |
65.91 (10.85) |
66.36 (9.88) |
64.48 (10.50) |
|||||||
|
Posttreatment |
46.21 (9.18) |
50.93 (9.38) |
48.64 (6.77) |
6.96 |
0.001 |
0.08 |
1 < 2, 3 |
0.51 |
0.30 |
0.28 |
|
Six-month follow-up |
48.80 (9.11) |
52.84 (9.17) |
53.26 (7.54) |
11.22 |
0.001 |
0.12 |
1 < 2, 3 |
0.44 |
0.53 |
0.05 |
|
EuroQol VAS (0 to 100) |
||||||||||
|
Baseline |
44.55 (16.47) |
46.82 (15.62) |
43.87 (14.50) |
|||||||
|
Posttreatment |
60.45 (16.63) |
58.00 (13.07) |
53.49 (14.40) |
11.49 |
0.001 |
0.13 |
1 > 2, 3 |
0.16 |
0.45 |
0.33 |
|
Six-month follow-up |
58.39 (16.27) |
56.73 (13.85) |
52.26 (14.03) |
10.44 |
0.001 |
0.12 |
1 > 2, 3 |
0.11 |
0.40 |
0.32 |
|
|
||||||||||
|
CBT = cognitive-behaviour therapy; CPAQ = Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire; EuroQol VAS = EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale; FIQ = Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire; HAM-D = Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; HARS = Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; PCS = Pain Catastrophizing Scale; PVAS = Pain Visual Analogue Scale; RPT = recommended pharmacological treatment; TAU = treatment as usual. ns = nonsignificant difference between groups (P > 0.05). |
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|
Alda et al. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2011 13:R173 doi:10.1186/ar3496 |
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