Table 2 |
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|
Univariate comparison of patients with and without CAD used in TC and BP models |
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|
BP models |
TC models |
|||||
|
|
||||||
|
CAD (n = 94) |
No CAD (n = 897) |
CAD (n = 86) |
No CAD (n = 870) |
|||
|
n(%) or mean ± SD |
n(%) or mean ± SD |
P |
n(%) or mean ± SD |
n(%) or mean ± SD |
P |
|
|
Female |
72 (83.7%) |
777 (89.3%) |
0.12 |
78 (83.0%) |
801 (89.3%) |
0.07 |
|
Menopausea at study start |
32 (44.4%) |
184 (23.7%) |
0.0001 |
33 (42.3%) |
189 (23.6%) |
0.0003 |
|
Race |
||||||
|
Caucasian |
75 (87.2%) |
574 (68.6%) |
0.004 |
81 (86.2%) |
593 (68.7%) |
0.005 |
|
Black |
3 (3.5%) |
96 (11.5%) |
4 (4.3%) |
97 (11.2%) |
||
|
Asian |
4 (4.7%) |
94 (11.2.%) |
4 (4.3%) |
97 (11.2%) |
||
|
Other |
4 (4.7%) |
73 (8.7%) |
5 (5.3%) |
76 (8.8%) |
||
|
Disease durationb |
||||||
|
At first visit |
4.08 ± 5.71 |
4.01 ± 5.87 |
0.92 |
4.24 ± 5.72 |
3.94 ± 5.80 |
0.63 |
|
At study start |
6.99 ± 7.84 |
6.54 ± 8.17 |
0.62 |
5.95 ± 7.23 |
6.13 ± 8.00 |
0.83 |
|
SLEDAI-2Kc |
||||||
|
At first visit |
12.34 ± 8.67 |
9.49 ± 7.63 |
0.001 |
12.16 ± 8.63 |
9.60 ± 7.65 |
0.002 |
|
At study start |
9.59 ± 7.99 |
8.28 ± 7.26 |
0.11 |
11.36 ± 8.86 |
9.02 ± 7.50 |
0.02 |
|
Disease manifestationsd ever from diagnosis to first visit |
||||||
|
Musculoskeletal |
42 (44.7%) |
365 (40.7%) |
0.45 |
44 (51.2%) |
363 (41.7%) |
0.09 |
|
Cutaneous |
69 (73.4%) |
504 (56.2%) |
0.001 |
65 (75.6%) |
507 (58.3%) |
0.002 |
|
Renal |
46 (48.9%) |
364 (40.6%) |
0.12 |
47 (54.7%) |
370 (42.5%) |
0.03 |
|
Nervous system |
32 (34.0%) |
180 (20.1%) |
0.002 |
32 (37.2%) |
189 (21.7%) |
0.001 |
|
Hematologic |
13 (13.8%) |
110 (12.3%) |
0.66 |
14 (16.3%) |
117 (13.5%) |
0.47 |
|
Vasculitis |
19 (20.2%) |
126 (14.1%) |
0.11 |
19 (22.1%) |
133 (15.3%) |
0.10 |
|
Immunologic |
58 (61.7%) |
640 (71.4%) |
0.05 |
62 (72.1%) |
637 (73.2%) |
0.82 |
|
Serosal |
13 (13.8%) |
77 (8.6%) |
0.09 |
11 (12.8%) |
74 (8.5%) |
0.18 |
|
Fever |
16 (17.0%) |
141 (15.7%) |
0.74 |
18 (20.9%) |
138 (15.9%) |
0.23 |
|
Disease manifestationse ever during follow-up |
||||||
|
Musculoskeletal |
70 (74.5%) |
508 (56.6%) |
0.0008 |
67 (77.9%) |
476 (54.7%) |
< 0.0001 |
|
Cutaneous |
82 (87.2%) |
643 (71.7%) |
0.001 |
73 (84.9%) |
615 (70.7%) |
0.005 |
|
Renal |
72 (76.6%) |
581 (64.8%) |
0.02 |
62 (72.1%) |
547 (62.9%) |
0.09 |
|
Nervous system |
58 (61.7%) |
304 (33.9%) |
< 0.0001 |
53 (61.6%) |
284 (32.6%) |
< 0.0001 |
|
Hematologic |
25 (26.6%) |
229 (25.5%) |
0.82 |
22 (25.6%) |
214 (24.6%) |
0.84 |
|
Vasculitis |
42 (44.7%) |
207 (23.1%) |
< 0.0001 |
36 (41.9%) |
189 (21.7%) |
< 0.0001 |
|
Immunologic |
82 (87.2%) |
769 (85.7%) |
0.69 |
76 (88.4%) |
741 (85.2%) |
0.42 |
|
Serosal |
22 (23.4%) |
112 (12.5%) |
0.003 |
19 (22.1%) |
94 (10.8%) |
0.002 |
|
Fever |
42 (44.7%) |
231 (25.8%) |
< 0.0001 |
40 (46.5%) |
200 (23.0%) |
< 0.0001 |
|
Chronic renal insufficiency everf |
5 (5.3%) |
64 (7.1%) |
0.51 |
4 (4.7%) |
60 (6.9%) |
0.43 |
|
Anti-phospholipid antibodiesg |
||||||
|
Ever from first clinic visit to last visit |
69 (75.8%) |
546 (61.1%) |
0.006 |
66 (76.7%) |
527 (60.8%) |
0.004 |
|
Ever in the study period |
66 (72.5%) |
491 (55.0%) |
0.001 |
61 (70.9%) |
459 (53.0%) |
0.001 |
|
Corticosteroids |
||||||
|
At study start |
66 (76.7%) |
559 (68.5%) |
0.02 |
66 (70.2%) |
557 (62.2%) |
0.13 |
|
Ever during follow-up |
81 (94.2%) |
676 (77.7%) |
0.0003 |
88 (93.6%) |
706 (78.7%) |
0.0006 |
|
Cumulative steroid dose (g) |
||||||
|
From first clinic visit to last visit |
42.3 ± 34.4 |
31.7 ± 34.7 |
0.006 |
43.5 ± 34.6 |
31.9 ± 35.1 |
0.005 |
|
In the study period |
30.3 ± 25.8 |
20.5 ± 23.1 |
0.0002 |
28.8 ± 25.1 |
19.7 ± 21.9 |
0.0005 |
|
Antimalarialsg |
||||||
|
At study start |
29 (33.7%) |
356 (41.1%) |
0.18 |
31 (33.0%) |
349 (39.0%) |
0.25 |
|
Ever during follow-up |
51 (59.3%) |
622 (71.5%) |
0.02 |
58 (61.7%) |
639 (71.2%) |
0.05 |
|
Immunosuppressivesh |
||||||
|
At study start |
16 (18.6%) |
217 (25.1%) |
0.18 |
14 (15.1%) |
221 (24.8%) |
0.04 |
|
Ever during follow-up |
46 (53.5%) |
454 (52.2%) |
0.82 |
51 (54.3%) |
471 (52.5%) |
0.75 |
|
Hypertensioni |
||||||
|
At study start |
26 (31.0%) |
123 (14.4%) |
< 0.0001 |
26 (27.7%) |
131 (14.6%) |
0.001 |
|
Ever during follow-up |
71 (82.6%) |
380 (43.7%) |
< 0.0001 |
77 (81.9%) |
403 (44.9%) |
< 0.0001 |
|
Hypercholesterolemiaj |
||||||
|
At study start |
26 (31.0%) |
350 (40.2%) |
< 0.0001 |
39 (65.0%) |
305 (39.9%) |
0.0001 |
|
Ever during follow-up |
79 (91.9%) |
597 (68.6%) |
< 0.0001 |
81 (91.0%) |
614 (69.1%) |
< 0.0001 |
|
Diabetes mellitusk |
||||||
|
At study start |
5 (6.0%) |
29 (3.4%) |
0.22 |
4 (4.4%) |
27 (3.1%) |
0.52 |
|
Ever during follow-up |
13 (15.1%) |
58 (6.7%) |
0.005 |
13 (13.8%) |
61 (6.8%) |
0.01 |
|
Smokerl |
||||||
|
At study start |
20 (23.8%) |
162 (19.0%) |
0.28 |
23 (25.0%) |
166 (18.8%) |
0.15 |
|
Ever during follow-up |
27 (31.4%) |
220 (25.4%) |
0.22 |
30 (31.9%) |
229 (25.6%) |
0.18 |
|
Antihypertensivesm |
||||||
|
Ever up to study start |
14/37 (37.8%) |
166/642 (25.9%) |
0.11 |
16/39 (41.0%) |
169/654 (25.8%) |
0.04 |
|
Ever during follow-up |
69/76 (90.8%) |
355/487 (72.9%) |
0.0008 |
71/83 (85.5%) |
361/506 (71.3%) |
0.007 |
|
Lipid-lowering medicationsn |
||||||
|
Ever up to study start |
1/10 (10.0%) |
26/427 (6.1%) |
0.48 |
1/11 (9.1%) |
27/430 (6.3%) |
0.52 |
|
Ever during follow-up |
47/76 (61.8%) |
144/543 (26.5%) |
< 0.0001 |
48/70 (68.6%) |
145/528 (27.5%) |
< 0.0001 |
|
TC level at study starto |
5.85 ± 1.62 |
5.19 ± 1.56 |
0.0002 |
|||
|
Mean of first two TC levelso |
5.91 ± 1.53 |
5.19 ± 1.49 |
< 0.0001 |
|||
|
Mean of all TC levelso |
5.72 ± 1.23 |
4.95 ± 1.11 |
< 0.0001 |
|||
|
AM of all TC levelso |
5.72 ± 1.23 |
4.94 ± 1.11 |
< 0.0001 |
|||
|
AUC of all TC levelsp |
15, 806 ± 13, 063 |
11, 117 ± 11, 976 |
0.0006 |
|||
|
SBP at study starto |
131.65 ± 21.29 |
123.11 ± 19.08 |
< 0.0001 |
|||
|
Mean of first two SBPso |
132.45 ± 19.00 |
123.03 ± 17.35 |
< 0.0001 |
|||
|
Mean of all SBPso |
134.90 ± 15.32 |
121.96 ± 14.81 |
< 0.0001 |
|||
|
AM of all SBPso |
134.68 ± 15.351 |
121.88 ± 14.99 |
< 0.0001 |
|||
|
AUC of all SBPs∞p |
400, 217 ± 318, 056 |
285, 335 ± 304, 573 |
0.0006 |
|||
|
DBP at study starto |
77.3 ± 12.3 |
80.8 ± 11.8 |
0.009 |
|||
|
Mean of first two DBPso |
77.2 ± 10.5 |
82.0 ± 10.5 |
< 0.0001 |
|||
|
Mean of all DBPso |
76.2 ± 8.5 |
82.7 ± 6.7 |
< 0.0001 |
|||
|
AM of all DBPso |
76.2 ± 8.6 |
82.6 ± 6.8 |
< 0.0001 |
|||
|
AUC of all DBPsp |
179, 476 ± 192, 071 |
245, 236 ± 194, 324 |
0.002 |
|||
|
|
||||||
|
AM, time-adjusted mean; AUC, area-under-the-curve; CAD, coronary artery disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SLEDAI-2K, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000; TC, total plasma cholesterol (mmol/L). aMenopause defined as a minimum of 12 months of amenorrhea irrespective of cause. bYears. cScores range from 0 to 105, with higher scores indicating more-active disease. dDisease manifestations defined based on SLEDAI-2K definitions. eChronic renal insufficiency defined based on SLICC/ACR DI definition (glomerular filtration rate < 50%, proteinuria ≥3.5 g/24 h, or end-stage renal disease). fMeasured by using commercial assays, with test reported positive if either IgM or IgG antibody level exceeded manufacturer-recommended cut points. gAntimalarials include chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. hImmunosuppressives include methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclosporine, and cyclophosphamide. iHypertension was defined as DBP ≥90 or SBP ≥140 mm Hg or treatment with antihypertensive medication. jHypercholesterolemia was defined as TC > 5.2 mmol/L or lipid-lowering therapy. kDiabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose > 7.0 mmol/L or diabetes therapy. lCurrent smoking is defined as smoking of an average of one or more cigarettes per day over the past month. mAll classes of antihypertensives including diuretics, β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin type II receptor blockers. nHMG Co-A reductase inhibitors (statins). ommol/L. pmmol/L multiplied by months. |
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|
Nikpour et al. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2011 13:R156 doi:10.1186/ar3473 |
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