Table 1 |
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|
Aberrant miRNA expression in autoimmune rheumatic diseases |
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|
MicroRNA |
Source |
Target mRNA |
Affected pathway and final effect |
Reference |
|
|
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|
Systemic lupus erythematosus |
||||
|
Down-regulated miRNAs |
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|
miR-146a |
PBMCs |
TRAF6, IRAK1 |
Type I IFN overproduction |
[48] |
|
miR-125a |
PBMCs |
KLF13 |
RANTES (CCL5) overproduction |
[49] |
|
Up-regulated miRNAs |
||||
|
miR-21, miR-148a |
PBMCs |
RASGRP1, DNMT1 |
DNA methylation |
[50] |
|
miR-126 |
PBMCs |
DNMT1 |
DNA methylation |
[51] |
|
Rheumatoid arthritis |
||||
|
Down-regulated miRNAs |
||||
|
miR-124a |
Synoviocytes |
CDK2, MCP-1 |
Synovial cell proliferation, leukocyte chemotaxis, and angiogenesis |
[63] |
|
Up-regulated miRNAs |
||||
|
miR-146a |
PBMCs and fibroblasts from synovial tissue |
TRAF6, IRAK1 |
NF-kB, leading to prolonged production of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines, including TNF-α and IL-1β |
|
|
miR-155 |
Synovial tissue and fibroblast-like synoviocytes |
- |
MMP-3 and MMP-1 production, causing joint destruction |
[56] |
|
miR-203 |
Synovial fibroblasts |
- |
NF-kB, leading to increased production of MMP-1 and IL-6, and to the activated phenotype of synovial fibroblasts |
[58] |
|
miR-223 |
CD4+ naïve T cells |
- |
Unknown; possible role in RA pathogenesis? |
[59] |
|
miR-346 |
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes |
IL-18 mRNA |
LPS-induced Bruton's tyrosine kinase expression; turn-off IL-18 expression in response to LPS |
[60] |
|
Sjögren's syndrome |
||||
|
Down-regulated miRNAs |
||||
|
miR-17-92 cluster |
Minor salivary glands |
- |
Accumulation of pro-B cells, marked reduction of pre-B and more mature B cells |
[67] |
|
Up-regulated miRNAs |
||||
|
miR-146a |
PBMCs of SS patients; PBMCs, salivary and lacrimal glands of SS mouse model |
TRAF6, IRAK1 |
NF-kB, causing increased phagocytic activity, suppressed inflammatory cytokine production |
[69] |
|
Scleroderma |
||||
|
Down-regulated miRNAs |
||||
|
miR-29 |
Skin fibroblasts and skin sections |
COL3A1 |
PDGF-B and TGF-β, leading to increased production of type I and type III collagen |
[71] |
|
Polymyositis/dermatomyositis |
||||
|
miR-146b, miR-155, miR-214, miR-221, miR-222 |
Muscle specimens |
- |
NF-kB pathway (miR-146) |
[73] |
|
|
||||
|
CDK2, cyclin-dependent kinase 2; DNMT1, DNA methyltransferase 1; IRAK1, IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; RANTES, Regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed, and secreted; RASGRP1, RAS guanyl-releasing protein 1; SS, Sjögren's syndrome; TGF, transforming growth factor; TRAF6, TNF receptor-associated factor 6. |
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|
Ceribelli et al. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2011 13:229 doi:10.1186/ar3377 |
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