Table 2

Number of cells stained positive in CIOA joints on Day 30

Bone markers

Groups

RANKL

BMP2

TGF-β3

pSMAD2

DKK1

Healthy

5 ± 1

nd

109 ± 12

18 ± 3

75 ± 12

CIOA

65 ± 12

136 ± 21

145 ± 22

36 ± 6

32 ± 9

CIOA+Glu1

8 ± 1***

102 ± 10*

112 ± 14*

12 ± 3***

89 ± 13***

Joint sections were obtained and stained as described in Figure 6. The number of positive cells was evaluated by a computerized imaging system. Data represent the mean of positive cells ± SD from two independent experiments involving five mice/group (10 joint sections/mice); nd, not detectable; Mann-Whitney U-test; *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001 vs CIOA group.

BMP, bone morphogenetic protein; CIOA, collagen-induced osteoarthritis; DKK1, Dickkopf-1; Glu, glucosamine hydrochloride; pSMAD-2, phosphorylated protein mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2; RANKL, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand; SD, standard deviation; TGF, transforming growth factor.

Ivanovska and Dimitrova Arthritis Research & Therapy 2011 13:R44   doi:10.1186/ar3283