Figure 5.

Transforming growth factor beta reduces specific protein 1 mRNA levels dose and time dependently. Human articular chondrocytes (HAC) were cultured for 5 to 6 days in 10% FCS-containing DMEM. They were then incubated in DMEM + 2% FCS for 24 hours, before addition of increased concentrations of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) or vehicle. mRNA levels of specific protein 1 (Sp1) were analysed by real time RT-PCR. HAC were also treated with 5 ng/ml TGFβ and the Sp1 mRNA level was determined. *, P < 0.05, **, P < 0.01, ***, P < 0.001.