Table 3

Risk of incident gout in men with diet and alcohol intake: Health Professionals Follow-up Study

Dietary factor

Comparison

Multivariate RR (95% CI)

Total meat intake [51]

Highest versus lowest quintile

1.41 (1.07, 1.86)

Seafood [51]

Highest versus lowest quintile

1.51 (1.17,1.95)

Vegetable purines [51]

Highest versus lowest quintile

0.96 (0.74, 1.24)

Dairy products [51]

Highest versus lowest quintile

0.56 (0.42, 0.74)

Low-fat dairy products [51]

Highest versus lowest quintile

0.58 (0.45, 0.76)

High-fat dairy products [51]

Highest versus lowest quintile

1.00 (0.77, 1.29)

Coffee [52]

≥ 6 cups per day versus none

0.41 (0.19, 0.88)

Decaffeinated coffee [52]

≥ 4 cups per day versus none

0.73 (0.46, 1.17)

Tea [52]

≥ 4 cups per day versus none

0.82 (0.38, 1.75)

Total caffeine [52]

Highest versus lowest quintile

0.83 (0.64, 1.08)

Sugar-sweetened soft drinks [53]

≥ 2 drinks per day versus none

1.85 (1.08, 3.16)

Diet soft drinks [53]

≥ 2 drinks per day versus none

1.12 (0.82, 1.52)

Total fructose [53]

Highest versus lowest quintile

1.81 (1.31, 2.50)

Total vitamin C [55]

≥ 1,500 mg versus <250 mg/day

0.55 (0.38, 0.80)

Total alcohol [58]

≥ 50 g per day versus none

2.53 (1.73, 3.70)

Beer [58]

≥ 2 drinks per day versus none

2.51 (1.77, 3.55)

Spirits [58]

≥ 2 drinks per day versus none

1.60 (1.19, 2.16)

Wine [58]

≥ 2 drinks per day versus none

1.05 (0.64, 1.72)

CI, confidence interval; RR, relative risk.

Roddy and Doherty Arthritis Research & Therapy 2010 12:223   doi:10.1186/ar3199