Figure 1.

BAY11 inhibits IFN-α production from human PBMCs. (A) Human PBMCs were incubated for 24 h with BAY11 (10^-9 to 10^-5 M) or vehicle. Viable cells were analyzed by propidium iodide (PI) staining. Similar results were observed in five independent donors and the results of a representative experiment are shown. (B) Human PBMCs were preincubated for 15 minutes with BAY11 or vehicle, followed by addition of 5 μM CpG 2216, 1 μg/ml R848 and 100 μM loxoribine (loxo). After 24 h, the concentrations of IFN-α, TNF-α or IL-12 p40 in the culture supernatants were measured by ELISA. Data are shown as mean ± SEM of four independent donors. Statistical significance was determined using Mann-Whitney test (*P < 0.05 **P < 0.01).