Table 1

Histopathological features observed in the tibio-tarsal joint of arthritic mice treated with vehicle or 25 mg/kg apremilast

Vehicle

Apremilast

Animal #

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Synovial hyperplasia

1

2

1

2

2

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Synovial villus formation

1

2

1

2

2

1

1

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Fibrin deposition

2

3

3

3

3

2

3

3

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

1

Inflammatory infiltrate in the synovial membrane

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Pannus formation

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Cartilage disruption

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

3

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Hyaline cartilage destruction

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

3

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Subchondral bone destruction

3

3

2

3

2

2

2

3

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Overall assessment: "determined as arthritis"

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Histopathological changes in the joints from mAb-induced arthritis were described and scored, using semi-quantitative grading of five scores (0, unremarkable, 1, minimal, 2, mild, 3, moderate, 4, marked).

McCann et al. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2010 12:R107   doi:10.1186/ar3041