Table 4 |
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Annual use and cost of health care and non-health care resources among study subjects by group |
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Resource/type of cost |
FMS patients n = 1,081 |
Reference group n = 62,445 |
Adjusted differences and/or odds ratio (95% CI) and P valuea |
|
|
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|
Mean annual use of health care and non-health care resources |
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|
|
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|
GP office visits |
13.5 (10.1) |
7.7 (8.2) |
5.0 (3.8–6.3); P < 0.001 |
|
Complementary testsb |
0.4 (0.7) |
0.2 (0.5) |
0.3 (0.2–0.4); P < 0.001 |
|
Referrals |
1.5 (1.6) |
0.8 (1.1) |
0.7 (0.5–0.8); P < 0.001 |
|
Emergency room visits |
0.6 (1.1) |
0.4 (0.8) |
0.3 (0.2–0.4); P < 0.001 |
|
Hospitalizations, stays |
1.48 (0.79) |
1.47 (1.07) |
0.44 (-0.29–1.17); P = 0.239 |
|
Sick leave, days |
20.9 (57.2) |
8.0 (30.7) |
23.5 (18.3–28.7); P < 0.001 |
|
Premature retirement, %c |
29.9 |
9.5 |
3.58 (3.13–4.10); P < 0.001d |
|
|
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Mean annualized costs in euros, total and disaggregated in components |
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|
|
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|
Health care costs |
1,677.3 (1,467.4) |
934.8 (1,390.2) |
613.6 (403.7–823.4); P < 0.001 |
|
Physician visitsb |
424.0 (304.7) |
233.5 (236.1) |
171.7 (134.7–208.7); P < 0.001 |
|
Complementary tests |
275.9 (282.8) |
126.6 (198.6) |
108.8 (77.2–140.3); P < 0.001 |
|
Hospitalizations |
268.6 (760.1) |
213.9 (783.9) |
101.7 (-27.1–230.5); P = 0.122 |
|
Drugs |
706.5 (840.8) |
359.7 (710.2) |
229.8 (124.1–335.4); P < 0.001 |
|
Non-health care costs |
6,977.0 (9,256.6) |
2,330.5 (6,100.9) |
4,396.5 (3,373.2–5,419.8); P < 0.001 |
|
Sick leave |
815.8 (2,565.3) |
376.0 (1,486.1) |
836.8 (587.1–1,086.5); P < 0.001 |
|
Early retirementc |
6,161.2 (9,442.8) |
1,954.5 (6,040.1) |
3,559.7 (2,547.8–4,571.6); P < 0.001 |
|
Total cost |
8,654.3 (9,645.7) |
3,265.3 (6,421.5) |
5,010.1 (3,494.0–6,076.2); P < 0.001 |
|
|
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Values are presented as mean (standard deviation). aDifferences are adjusted for age and gender. bIncludes all types of medical visits, referrals, and emergency room visits. cPermanent disability for work as a consequence of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) before 65 years of age in active population only. dAdjusted odds ratio for age and gender. CI, confidence interval; GP, general practitioner. |
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Sicras-Mainar et al. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2009 11:R54 doi:10.1186/ar2673 |
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