Table 4 |
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Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis for drug discontinuation due to inefficacy and adverse events |
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|
Variable |
Overall withdrawal |
Withdrawal due to inefficacy |
Withdrawal due to adverse events |
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|
|
|
|
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|
Univariate analysis |
Multivariate analysis |
Univariate analysis |
Multivariate analysis |
Univariate analysis |
Multivariate analysis |
|
|
|
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|
Demographic |
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|
Age at start of therapy (years) |
0.99 (0.98 to 1.00) |
0.99 (0.98 to 1.00) |
0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) |
0.99 (0.96 to 1.01) |
0.98 (0.95 to 1.01) |
0.96 (0.93 to 1.00) |
|
Female |
1.38* (1.12 to 1.70) |
1.29* (1.01 to 1.65) |
1.48 (0.92 to 2.37) |
1.45 (0.82 to 2.64) |
1.64 (0.87 to 3.09) |
1.58 (0.78 to 3.22) |
|
Smoking (yes/no) |
1.36* (1.09 to 1.68) |
1.22 (0.96 to 1.55) |
1.70* (1.03 to 2.81) |
1.51 (0.87 to 2.64) |
1.10 (0.59 to 2.07) |
0.97 (0.49 to 1.89) |
|
Co-morbiditya (yes/no) |
1.77* (1.39 to 2.25) |
1.49* (1.13 to 1.96) |
1.64 (0.97 to 2.80) |
1.17 (0.64 to 2.12) |
2.68* (1.23 to 5.85) |
2.67* (1.16 to 6.15) |
|
Start year of therapyb |
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|
2003 |
0.79 (0.56 to 1.13) |
0.95 (0.98 to 2.21) |
0.84 (0.37 to 1.95) |
0.99 (0.73 to 5.44) |
1.25 (0.42 to 3.72) |
0.92 (0.70 to 3.04) |
|
2004 |
0.65* (0.46 to 0.93) |
0.93 (0.87 to 2.03) |
0.71 (0.31 to 1.64) |
0.81 (0.64 to 5.12) |
0.70 (0.22 to 2.23) |
0.96 (0.44 to 5.49) |
|
2005 |
0.52* (0.34 to 0.80) |
0.93 (0.74 to 2.19) |
0.68 (0.26 to 1.79) |
0.92 (0.61 to 7.45) |
0.52 (0.13 to 2.19) |
0.95 (0.28 to 7.55) |
|
2006 |
0.43 (0.18 to 1.03) |
0.94 (0.73 to 2.12) |
0.99 (0.19 to 4.95) |
0.94 (0.62 to 6.64) |
0.99 (0.99 to 1.00) |
0.93 (0.28 to 5.65) |
|
Disease |
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|
Baseline HAQ |
1.16* (1.03 to 1.29) |
1.08 (0.95 to 1.22) |
1.26* (1.02 to 1.55) |
1.20 (0.95 to 1.49) |
1.16 (0.83 to 1.62) |
1.06 (0.71 to 1.59) |
|
Disease duration (years) |
0.99 (0.98 to 1.00) |
0.99 (0.98 to 1.01) |
0.98 (0.95 to 1.00) |
0.99 (0.97 to 1.03) |
0.99 (0.96 to 1.03) |
0.99 (0.95 to 1.03) |
|
Baseline DAS-28 |
0.93 (0.85 to 1.01) |
0.88 (0.79 to 1.16) |
0.88 (0.73 to 1.07) |
0.83 (0.66 to 1.04) |
0.88 (0.69 to 1.12) |
0.89 (0.66 to 1.57) |
|
Inflammationc |
0.93 (0.74 to 1.15) |
-- |
0.72 (0.45 to 1.17) |
-- |
1.18 (0.60 to 2.29) |
-- |
|
Tender joint counts |
1.00 (0.99 to 1.01) |
-- |
0.99 (0.97 to 1.03) |
-- |
1.00 (0.96 to 1.04) |
-- |
|
Swollen joint counts |
0.97* (0.96 to 0.99) |
-- |
0.98 (0.94 to 1.02) |
-- |
0.99 (0.94 to 1.04) |
-- |
|
Therapeutic – concurrent use of: |
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|
Methotrexate |
0.89 (0.72 to 1.09) |
0.64 (0.49 to 1.12) |
1.03 (0.64 to 1.67) |
0.65 (0.36 to 1.18) |
1.06 (0.57 to 1.99) |
0.67 (0.32 to 1.39) |
|
Sulfasalazine |
0.49 (0.29 to 1.15) |
0.30 (0.13 to 1.19) |
0.40 (0.10 to 1.64) |
0.32 (0.04 to 2.36) |
0.68 (0.16 to 2.81) |
1.54 (0.34 to 6.92) |
|
Steroids |
1.22 (0.96 to 1.57) |
1.06 (0.81 to 1.38) |
1.14 (0.65 to 2.01) |
0.91 (0.49 to 1.71) |
1.89 (0.98 to 3.66) |
1.92 (0.95 to 3.89) |
|
Biological therapyd |
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|
Infliximab |
2.30* (1.85 to 2.87) |
2.80* (2.12 to 3.70) |
2.62* (1.59 to 4.34) |
3.77* (1.96 to 7.24) |
2.42* (1.26 to 4.68) |
3.12* (1.41 to 6.89) |
|
Adalimumab |
1.11 (0.78 to 1.59) |
1.00 (0.67 to 1.51) |
1.81 (0.89 to 3.65) |
1.62 (0.70 to 3.78) |
1.11 (0.37 to 3.33) |
0.74 (0.21 to 2.66) |
|
|
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|
Drug discontinuation due to inefficacy and adverse events. Data presented as hazard ratio (95% confidence interval). DAS-28, 28-joint disease activity score; HAQ, Health assessment questionnaire. aIncludes any of hypertension, angina, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, thyroid disease, peptic ulcers, hepatic disease, renal disease, demyelinating disease, epilepsy, depression, tuberculosis, cancer. bReference category, 2002. cInflammation (C-reactive protein >20 mg/l or erythrocyte sedimentation rate >28 mm/hour). dReference category, etanercept. * P < 0.05. |
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|
Saad et al. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2009 11:R52 doi:10.1186/ar2670 |
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