Table 2

Studies evaluating the risk of coronary heart disease in systemic lupus erythematosus

[Reference] (year)

Study design

SLE definition

n

Estimated risk

[11] (1997)

Prospective cohort

ACR criteria for SLE

498

5-fold risk for MI

50-fold risk in ages 35 to 44 years

[86] (1999)

Retrospective cohort

Rheumatologist diagnosis

8,742

2.27-fold risk for MI

3.8-fold risk for chronic heart failure

[12] (2001)

Retrospective cohort

Rheumatologist diagnosis

296

17.0-fold risk for CVD

10.1-fold risk for MI

7.9-fold risk for stroke

[87] (2004)

Cross-sectional, prospective

ACR criteria for SLE

202 (cross-sectional), 47 (prospective)

1.4-fold risk for CHD

0.6-fold risk for stroke

8.5% CHD events

10% stroke follow up

[88] (2004)

Case control

Physician diagnosis

770

1.46 risk for MI

ACR, American College of Rheumatology; CHD, coronary heart disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; MI, myocardial infarction; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.

Full et al. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2009 11:217   doi:10.1186/ar2631