Table 3 |
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|
Health Assessment Questionnaire: differences between females and males by country |
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| Female, mean (SD) |
Male, mean (SD) |
Difference, mean (95% CI) |
Effect sizea (95% CI) |
|
|
|
||||
| Netherlands |
0.89 (0.69) |
0.62 (0.61) |
0.27 (0.12 to 0.43) |
0.42 (0.16 to 0.62) |
| Finland |
0.84 (0.76) |
0.60 (0.64) |
0.24 (0.06 to 0.42) |
0.33 (0.07 to 0.56) |
| USA |
0.81 (0.68) |
0.52 (0.67) |
0.29 (0.12 to 0.46) |
0.43 (0.16 to 0.67) |
| Greece |
0.61 (0.71) |
0.29 (0.45) |
0.32 (0.15 to 0.50) |
0.49 (0.29 to 0.68) |
| Denmark |
0.85 (0.75) |
0.59 (0.66) |
0.26 (0.07 to 0.46) |
0.36 (0.09 to 0.60) |
| Spain |
1.10 (0.84) |
0.75 (0.69) |
0.35 (0.14 to 0.56) |
0.44 (0.21 to 0.70) |
| France |
0.99 (0.69) |
0.67 (0.62) |
0.32 (0.16 to 0.48) |
0.48 (0.24 to 0.74) |
| Sweden |
0.97 (0.65) |
0.82 (0.63) |
0.16 (-0.02 to 0.33) |
0.25 (-0.02 to 0.54) |
| UK |
1.06 (0.74) |
0.80 (0.75) |
0.26 (-0.04 to 0.55) |
0.35 (-0.08 to 0.78) |
| Ireland |
0.98 (0.71) |
0.79 (0.75) |
0.19 (-0.01 to 0.38) |
0.26 (-0.04 to 0.55) |
| Canada |
1.04 (0.72) |
1.07 (0.73) |
-0.03 (-0.40 to 0.34) |
-0.04 (-0.58 to 0.44) |
| Turkey |
1.01 (0.77) |
0.70 (0.71) |
0.31 (0.07 to 0.56) |
0.41 (0.11 to 0.73) |
| Brazil |
0.84 (0.74) |
0.68 (0.72) |
0.15 (-0.28 to 0.59) |
0.21 (-0.45 to 0.72) |
| UAE |
0.74 (0.63) |
0.42 (0.46) |
0.32 (0.07 to 0.56) |
0.53 (0.19 to 0.81) |
| Germany |
0.94 (0.70) |
0.74 (0.65) |
0.20 (-0.04 to 0.45) |
0.29 (-0.04 to 0.65) |
| Italy |
1.23 (0.82) |
0.72 (0.71) |
0.51 (0.30 to 0.71) |
0.64 (0.40 to 0.89) |
| Estonia |
1.18 (0.74) |
1.08 (0.76) |
0.11 (-0.22 to 0.43) |
0.14 (-0.29 to 0.59) |
| Russia |
1.24 (0.73) |
1.33 (0.59) |
-0.09 (-0.56 to 0.37) |
-0.13 (-0.77 to 0.43) |
| Hungary |
1.45 (0.66) |
0.97 (0.73) |
0.48 (0.15 to 0.82) |
0.72 (0.08 to 1.23) |
| Latvia |
1.52 (0.66) |
1.14 (0.64) |
0.38 (0.01 to 0.74) |
0.58 (0.03 to 1.16) |
| Poland |
1.40 (0.79) |
1.27 (0.68) |
0.14 (-0.04 to 0.31) |
0.17 (-0.04 to 0.38) |
| Argentina |
1.18 (0.86) |
0.97 (0.66) |
0.22 (-0.14 to 0.57) |
0.26 (-0.11 to 0.58) |
| Lithuania |
1.41 (0.67) |
1.21 (0.59) |
0.20 (0.00 to 0.40) |
0.31 (0.04 to 0.59) |
| Serbia |
1.63 (0.71) |
1.24 (0.80) |
0.40 (-0.04 to 0.84) |
0.55 (-0.24 to 1.18) |
| Kosovo |
1.58 (0.53) |
1.34 (0.68) |
0.25 (-0.06 to 0.55) |
0.44 (-0.13 to 1.15) |
|
|
||||
| All |
1.09 (0.78) |
0.76 (0.70) |
0.33 (0.28 to 0.38) |
0.43 (0.37 to 0.49) |
|
|
||||
|
aCohen's D with bias-corrected 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from bootstrapping (1,000 replications). SD, standard deviation; UAE, United Arab Emirates. |
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|
Sokka et al. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2009 11:R7 doi:10.1186/ar2591 |
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