Table 1

Demographics and clinical and laboratory characteristics of the glucocorticoid exposure groups


NE (n = 281)
LE (n = 58)
ME (n = 59)
P value

General demographics




     Age, years
62 (53.03–68.56)
66.01 (59–71.47)
66.6 (60.7–71.6)
0.002
     Gender female, number (percentage)
214 (76.2)
41 (70.7)
36 (61)
0.053
RA characteristics




     RF-positive, number (percentage)
210 (76.4)
42 (73.7)
43 (75.4)
0.909
     Anti-CCP-positive, number (percentage)
181 (67.5)
36 (63.2)
41 (73.2)
0.517
     Disease duration, years
7 (3–15)
16 (10–25.5)
18 (10–39)
<0.001
Disease activity




     CRP, mg/L
8 (5–18)
8 (5–17)
9 (5–28)
0.421
     ESR, mm/h
20 (10–38)
15.5 (6.75–29.25)
26 (12–45)
0.031
     DAS-28
4.15 ± 1.38
4.09 ± 1.37
4.59 ± 1.47
0.080
Disease severity




     HAQ
1.38 (0.5–2)
1.63 (0.72–2.16)
2.13 (1.63–2.5)
<0.001
     Extra-articular disease, number (percentage)
180 (64.1)
42 (72.4)
45 (76.3)
0.124
     Joint replacement surgery, number (percentage)
65 (23.1)
21 (36.2)
29 (49.2)
<0.001
Medications




     Methotrexate, number (percentage)
161 (57.3)
35 (60.3)
28 (47.5)
0.305
     Sulphasalazine, number (percentage)
96 (34.2)
11 (19)
11 (18.6)
0.009
     Hydroxychloroquine, number (percentage)
57 (20.3)
13 (22.4)
10 (16.9)
0.754
     Leflunomide, number (percentage)
11 (3.9)
1 (1.7)
4 (6.8)
0.374
     Anti-TNF, number (percentage)
29 (10.3)
9 (15.5)
7 (11.9)
0.518
     NSAIDS/COX II, number (percentage)
82 (29.2)
15 (25.9)
13 (22)
0.508
Risk factors for the MetS




     Waist, cm
97.12 ± 12.39
97.35 ± 14.3
100.9 ± 15.19
0.172
     Trigylcerides, mmol/L
1.2 (0.9–1.6)
1.2 (0.9–1.63)
1.4 (1.1–1.8)
0.010
     Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg
140 (126.25–150)
142 (125.75–159)
145 (135–160)
0.022
     Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg
78.66 ± 10.85
79.97 ± 10.82
79.06 ± 13.06
0.716
     HDL, mmol/L
1.5 (1.2–1.8)
1.7 (1.38–2.03)
1.7 (1.4–2)
0.011
     LDL, mmol/L
5.2 ± 1.07
5.31 ± 1.27
5.25 ± 1.54
0.798
Criteria for MetS




     Waist M, number (percentage)
163 (65.2)
32 (65.3)
36 (69.2)
0.853
     Triglycerides M, number (percentage)
96 (34.2)
24 (41.4)
31 (52.5)
0.026
     Hypertension M, number (percentage)
220 (78.3)
45 (77.6)
55 (93.2)
0.027
     HDL M, number (percentage)
94 (33.5)
20 (34.5)
24 (40.7)
0.570
     Fasting plasma glucose M, number (percentage)
38 (13.5)
9 (15.8)
14 (24.1)
0.125
Patients fulfilling criteria of MetS




     NCEP, number (percentage)
105 (37.9)
22 (40.7)
28 (50.0)
0.241

Results expressed as number (percentage), median (25th–75th percentile), or mean ± standard deviation, as appropriate. Anti-CCP, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide; anti-TNF, anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy; CRP, C-reactive protein; HAQ, health assessment questionnaire; DAS-28, 28-joint disease activity score; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; Triglycerides M, triglycerides of at least 1.7 mmol/L or on drug treatment for elevated triglycerides; Waist M, waist circumference of greater than 102 cm in males and greater than 88 cm in females. Fasting plasma glucose M, fasting plasma glucose of at least 6.1 mmol/L or on drug treatment for elevated blood glucose; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HDL M, high-density lipoprotein level of less than 1.0 mmol/L in males or less than 1.3 mmol/L in females or on drug treatment for low HDL; Hypertension M, systolic blood pressure of at least 130/85 mm Hg or on antihypertensive medication; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LE, low-dose/long-term exposure; ME, moderate-dose/long-term exposure; MetS, metabolic syndrome; NCEP, National Cholesterol Education Programme; NE, none/limited exposure; NSAIDs/COX II, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs/cyclooxygenase II inhibitors; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; RF, rheumatoid factor;

Toms et al. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R145   doi:10.1186/ar2578

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