Table 1 |
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|
Demographics and clinical and laboratory characteristics of the glucocorticoid exposure groups |
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| NE (n = 281) |
LE (n = 58) |
ME (n = 59) |
P value |
|
|
|
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| General demographics |
||||
| Age, years |
62 (53.03–68.56) |
66.01 (59–71.47) |
66.6 (60.7–71.6) |
0.002 |
| Gender female, number (percentage) |
214 (76.2) |
41 (70.7) |
36 (61) |
0.053 |
| RA characteristics |
||||
| RF-positive, number (percentage) |
210 (76.4) |
42 (73.7) |
43 (75.4) |
0.909 |
| Anti-CCP-positive, number (percentage) |
181 (67.5) |
36 (63.2) |
41 (73.2) |
0.517 |
| Disease duration, years |
7 (3–15) |
16 (10–25.5) |
18 (10–39) |
<0.001 |
| Disease activity |
||||
| CRP, mg/L |
8 (5–18) |
8 (5–17) |
9 (5–28) |
0.421 |
| ESR, mm/h |
20 (10–38) |
15.5 (6.75–29.25) |
26 (12–45) |
0.031 |
| DAS-28 |
4.15 ± 1.38 |
4.09 ± 1.37 |
4.59 ± 1.47 |
0.080 |
| Disease severity |
||||
| HAQ |
1.38 (0.5–2) |
1.63 (0.72–2.16) |
2.13 (1.63–2.5) |
<0.001 |
| Extra-articular disease, number (percentage) |
180 (64.1) |
42 (72.4) |
45 (76.3) |
0.124 |
| Joint replacement surgery, number (percentage) |
65 (23.1) |
21 (36.2) |
29 (49.2) |
<0.001 |
| Medications |
||||
| Methotrexate, number (percentage) |
161 (57.3) |
35 (60.3) |
28 (47.5) |
0.305 |
| Sulphasalazine, number (percentage) |
96 (34.2) |
11 (19) |
11 (18.6) |
0.009 |
| Hydroxychloroquine, number (percentage) |
57 (20.3) |
13 (22.4) |
10 (16.9) |
0.754 |
| Leflunomide, number (percentage) |
11 (3.9) |
1 (1.7) |
4 (6.8) |
0.374 |
| Anti-TNF, number (percentage) |
29 (10.3) |
9 (15.5) |
7 (11.9) |
0.518 |
| NSAIDS/COX II, number (percentage) |
82 (29.2) |
15 (25.9) |
13 (22) |
0.508 |
| Risk factors for the MetS |
||||
| Waist, cm |
97.12 ± 12.39 |
97.35 ± 14.3 |
100.9 ± 15.19 |
0.172 |
| Trigylcerides, mmol/L |
1.2 (0.9–1.6) |
1.2 (0.9–1.63) |
1.4 (1.1–1.8) |
0.010 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg |
140 (126.25–150) |
142 (125.75–159) |
145 (135–160) |
0.022 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg |
78.66 ± 10.85 |
79.97 ± 10.82 |
79.06 ± 13.06 |
0.716 |
| HDL, mmol/L |
1.5 (1.2–1.8) |
1.7 (1.38–2.03) |
1.7 (1.4–2) |
0.011 |
| LDL, mmol/L |
5.2 ± 1.07 |
5.31 ± 1.27 |
5.25 ± 1.54 |
0.798 |
| Criteria for MetS |
||||
| Waist M, number (percentage) |
163 (65.2) |
32 (65.3) |
36 (69.2) |
0.853 |
| Triglycerides M, number (percentage) |
96 (34.2) |
24 (41.4) |
31 (52.5) |
0.026 |
| Hypertension M, number (percentage) |
220 (78.3) |
45 (77.6) |
55 (93.2) |
0.027 |
| HDL M, number (percentage) |
94 (33.5) |
20 (34.5) |
24 (40.7) |
0.570 |
| Fasting plasma glucose M, number (percentage) |
38 (13.5) |
9 (15.8) |
14 (24.1) |
0.125 |
| Patients fulfilling criteria of MetS |
||||
| NCEP, number (percentage) |
105 (37.9) |
22 (40.7) |
28 (50.0) |
0.241 |
|
|
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|
Results expressed as number (percentage), median (25th–75th percentile), or mean ± standard deviation, as appropriate. Anti-CCP, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide; anti-TNF, anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy; CRP, C-reactive protein; HAQ, health assessment questionnaire; DAS-28, 28-joint disease activity score; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; Triglycerides M, triglycerides of at least 1.7 mmol/L or on drug treatment for elevated triglycerides; Waist M, waist circumference of greater than 102 cm in males and greater than 88 cm in females. Fasting plasma glucose M, fasting plasma glucose of at least 6.1 mmol/L or on drug treatment for elevated blood glucose; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HDL M, high-density lipoprotein level of less than 1.0 mmol/L in males or less than 1.3 mmol/L in females or on drug treatment for low HDL; Hypertension M, systolic blood pressure of at least 130/85 mm Hg or on antihypertensive medication; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LE, low-dose/long-term exposure; ME, moderate-dose/long-term exposure; MetS, metabolic syndrome; NCEP, National Cholesterol Education Programme; NE, none/limited exposure; NSAIDs/COX II, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs/cyclooxygenase II inhibitors; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; RF, rheumatoid factor; |
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|
Toms et al. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R145 doi:10.1186/ar2578 |
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