Table 2

Demographic characteristics, medical history and current medication for cases and controls

Cases
(n = 104)
 Controls
(n = 284)
 OR
 95% CI
 p Value
Demographic characteristics:




     Age at diagnosis (years)
 70.4 (16.7)
 67.1 (14.3)
 -
 -
 0.06
     Sex (female)
 58 (55.8%)
 163 (57.4%)
 0.95
 0.60 to 1.47
 0.78
     Smoking
 28 (26.9%)
 51 (18%)
 1.96
 1.15 to 3.37
 0.01
     Alcohol (glasses/week)
 9.6 (33.2)
 6.2 (8.6)
 -
 -
 0.12
Medical history:




     Heart failure
 26 (25.0%)
 32 (11.3%)
 2.63
 1.48 to 4.67
 0.001
     Renal insufficiency
 16 (15.4%)
 15 (5.3%)
 3.26
 1.55 to 6.86
 0.001
     Myocardial infarction
 20 (19.2%)
 32 (11.3%)
 1.88
 1.02 to 3.45
 0.04
     Stroke
 18 (17.3%)
 28 (9.9%)
 1.91
 1.01 to 3.63
 0.04
     Diabetes mellitus
 16 (15.4%)
 33 (11.6%)
 1.38
 0.73 to 2.64
 0.32
     Previous gastrointestinal ulcers
 16 (15.4%)
 33 (11.7%)
 1.37
 0.72 to 2.60
 0.34
     Rheumatoid disease, including OA
 42 (40.4%)
 97 (34.2%)
 1.31
 0.82 to 2.07
 0.26
Medication:




     Non-selective NSAIDs
 86 (82.7%)
 222 (78.2%)
 1.33
 0.75 to 2.39
 0.33
     Selective COX-2 inhibitors
 17 (16.3%)
 50 (17.6%)
 0.91
 0.50 to 1.67
 0.77
     Preferential COX-2 inhibitors
 1 (1.0%)
 12 (4.2%)
 0.22
 0.03 to 1.71
 0.20
     Proton pump inhibitors
 14 (13.5%)
 77 (27.1%)
 0.42
 0.23 to 0.78
 0.005
     H2RAs
 4 (3.8%)
 9 (3.2%)
 1.22
 0.37 to 4.06
 0.74
     Misoprostol
 8 (7.7%)
 20 (7.0%)
 1.10
 0.47 to 2.58
 0.83
     Low dose aspirin (≤ 100 mg/day)
 32 (30.8%)
 69 (24.3%)
 1.39
 0.84 to 2.28
 0.20
     Coumarin
 14 (13.5%)
 19 (6.7%)
 2.17
 1.05 to 4.51
 0.04
     SSRIs
 6 (5.8%)
 9 (3.2%)
 1.87
 0.65 to 5.39
 0.24
     Corticosteroids
 14 (13.5%)
 32 (11.3%)
 1.23
 0.63 to 2.40
 0.55

Scores are mean values (standard deviation) or number of patients (%). CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COX, cyclooxygenase; H2RA, histamine receptor-2 antagonist; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; OA, osteoarthritis; OR, unadjusted odds ratio; SSRI, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor.

Vonkeman et al. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R144   doi:10.1186/ar2577

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