Table 1 |
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|
Effects of cytokines on macrophages/monocytes during rheumatoid arthritis |
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|
Cytokine |
Monocyte/macrophage activation |
Cytokine release |
ROI release |
PG release |
iNOS/NO release |
MHC expression |
FcγRs |
|
|
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|
IL-1 |
↑ |
↑ |
↑ |
↑ |
|||
|
IL-7 |
↑ |
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|
IL-10 |
↑/↓ |
↑ |
↓ |
↑ |
↑ |
||
|
IL-15 |
↑ or ↓ (dose dependant) |
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|
IL-17 |
↑ |
↑ |
↑ |
↑ |
|||
|
IL-18 |
↑ |
↑ |
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|
IL-32 |
↑ |
↑ |
|||||
|
MIF |
↑ |
↑ |
↑ |
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|
TGFβ |
Early ↑, then ↓ |
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|
TNFα |
↑ |
↑ |
↑ |
↓ |
↓ |
||
|
Type-I IFNs |
↑ |
↑ |
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|
|
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|
Up and down arrows indicate increase and decrease, respectively. FcγRs, Fcγ receptors; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; MIF, macrophage migration-inhibitory factor; NO, nitric oxide; PG, prostaglandin; ROI, reactive oxygen intermediates; TGF, transforming growth factor; TNF, tumour necrosis factor. Adapted from [159]. |
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|
Drexler et al. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:216 doi:10.1186/ar2481 |
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