Table 1

Measured variables of participants classified as current smokers (CS), ex-smokers (XS), and never-smokers (NS)

Gender

Male (n = 102)

Female (n = 290)

Smoking status

CS

XS

NS

CS

XS

NS

Number

20

50

32

49

97

144

Age, years

58.8 ± 8.1^a

65.2 ± 9.9^b

58.8 ± 15

57.4 ± 13.3^a

64.1 ± 11.2^b

60.7 ± 11.8

Height, cm

171.3 ± 7.1

174.3 ± 6.9

172.7 ± 7.7

160.9 ± 6.9

160.8 ± 6.8

159.5 ± 6.8

Weight, kg

76 ± 12.9^{b, c}

85.8 ± 13.6

84.1 ± 14.8

67.5 ± 14.2^a

74.8 ± 15.2

69.9 ± 13.6

Body mass index, kg/m²

25.8 ± 3.3^{b, c}

28.4 ± 3.8

27.6 ± 4.6

26.1 ± 5.5^{a, b}

28.6 ± 5.4

27.5 ± 5

Body fat, percentage

24.5 ± 6.4^{c, d}

28.8 ± 6.8

27.8 ± 5.6

35.9 ± 7^{a, b}

39.2 ± 6.5

38.1 ± 6.7

Fat-free mass, kg

57.2 ± 9.4

61.7 ± 7.7

59.8 ± 10.3

42.5 ± 4.8

43.7 ± 6.1

42.5 ± 6.1

Waist circumference, cm

100 ± 7.9^c

106.2 ± 10.8^b

102.9 ± 9.3

90.8 ± 12.8^a

98.6 ± 13

94.7 ± 12.7

ESR, mm/hour

26.5 ± 20.5

22.8 ± 21.3

20.7 ± 19.7

30.5 ± 26

34.3 ± 32.7^b

25.5 ± 19.8

C-reactive protein, mg/L

13.3 ± 9.4

16.1 ± 20.4

16 ± 24.3

21.9 ± 23.2^b

21.4 ± 32.7^b

11.9 ± 12.5

DAS28

4 ± 0.9

4.1 ± 1.5

3.9 ± 1.6

4.5 ± 1.5

4.3 ± 1.5

4.1 ± 1.2

HAQ score

0.9 ± 0.8

1.4 ± 1

1.1 ± 0.9

1.5 ± 0.9

1.5 ± 0.9

1.5 ± 0.9

Disease duration, years

8.6 ± 7.8

11.9 ± 10.6

14.6 ± 12.7

11.4 ± 9.8

13.5 ± 10.8

13.5 ± 11.1

Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. ^aSignificant difference compared with XS (P < 0.05). ^bSignificant difference compared with NS (P < 0.05). ^cSignificant difference compared with XS (P < 0.001). ^dSignificant difference compared with NS (P < 0.001). DAS28, Disease Activity Score-28; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; HAQ, Health Assessment Questionnaire.

Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou et al. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R59   doi:10.1186/ar2429