Figure 4.

Collagen production by intervertebral disc (IVD) cells in monolayer and alginate cultures. Immunocytochemistry of cytospins was used to examine collagen production at day 7; representative images are shown. (a) In monolayer control cultures (left panels), collagen type I-immunopositive IVD cells were markedly more prevalent than collagen type II-immunopositive cells, indicative of a dedifferentiated phenotype [22]. This pattern of immunopositivity was reversed in alginate control cultures (right panels), suggesting that the cells in alginate had redifferentiated toward a chondrocytic phenotype [22]. (b) Immunopositivity for both types of collagen was markedly decreased in glucose-deprived cultures, both in monolayer (left panels) and alginate (right panels) culture. (c) Phalloidin-fluorescein isothiocyanate staining of IVD cells following monolayer (left panel) and alginate (right panel) culture in conditions of glucose-deprivation at day 7, demonstrating that the presence of filamentous actin (F-actin) was not markedly different in either condition (original magnification ×200).