Table 2

Relative risk (95% confidence interval) for serious upper gastrointestinal bleed or myocardial infarction

Information source

Relative risk compared with non-use of coxib or NSAID

Ibuprofen

Naproxen

Diclofenac

All NSAIDs

Celecoxib

Rofecoxib

Upper GI bleed [6]

1.9 (1.6–2.2)

4.0 (3.5–4.6)

3.3 (2.8–3.9)

4.2 (3.9–4.6)

Upper GI bleed [5]

1.7 (1.1–2.5)

9.1 (6.0–14)

4.9 (3.3–7.1)

Hospital admission [7]

4.0 (2.3–6.9)

1.0 (0.7–1.6)

1.9 (1.3–2.8)

Upper GI bleed [70]

3.3 (2.4–4.4)

1.3 (0.7–2.8)

2.1 (1.2–3.5)

Upper GI bleed [71]

4.1 (3.1–5.3)

7.3 (4.7–11.4)

3.1 (2.3–4.2)

5.3 (4.5–6.2)

1.0 (0.4–2.1)

2.1 (1.1–4.0)

CV events [4]

1.07 (1.02–1.12)

0.98 (0.92–1.05)

1.44 (1.32–1.56)

1.09 (1.06–1.13)

0.96 (0.90–1.02)

1.26 (1.17–1.36)

CV events [8]

1.07 (0.97–1.18)

0.97 (0.87–1.07)

1.40 (1.16–1.70)

1.10 (1.00–1.21)

1.06 (0.91–1.23)

1.35 (1.15–1.59)

Results for NSAIDs and coxibs were compared with non-use, from observational studies. These did not, or were unable to, produce dose-specific results. Bold lines represent relative risks or equivalent from systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Coxib, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; GI = gastrointestinal; CV = cardiovascular.

Moore et al. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008 10:R20   doi:10.1186/ar2373